Moxalactam (also known as latamoxef, Lamoxactam, Festamoxin, LY-127935, 6059-S) is a new synthetic oxa-beta-lactam antibiotic administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, is particularly active against Enterobacteriaceae and is resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. Moxalactam has moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but on the basis of present evidence can not be recommended as sole antibiotic treatment of known or suspected pseudomonal infections. Like the related compounds, the cephalosporins, moxalactam is effective in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli. As moxalactam is also active against Bacteroides fragilis it has considerable potential in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections in patients with normal immunological mechanisms, as well as in immunocompromised patients, when used alone or in combination with other antibiotics. Likewise, its ready penetration into the diseased central nervous system, its high level of activity against Gram-negative bacilli, and the lack of necessity to monitor drug plasma concentrations, indicate its potential value in the treatment of neonatal Gram-negative bacillary meningitis. Further clinical experience is needed before it can be determined whether moxalactam alone can be used in the treatment of conditions for which the aminoglycosides are drugs of choice, but if established as equally effective, moxalactam has the advantage of being devoid of nephrotoxicity. Bleeding is a potentially serious problem, however, particularly in the elderly, malnourished and in the presence of renal impairment.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C20H18N6NA2O9S
Molecular Weight	564.44
Exact Mass	564.065
Elemental Analysis	C, 42.56; H, 3.21; N, 14.89; Na, 8.15; O, 25.51; S, 5.68
CAS #	64953-12-4
Related CAS #	Moxalactam;64952-97-2
PubChem CID	441242
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	13
Rotatable Bond Count	7
Heavy Atom Count	38
Complexity	947
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	2
SMILES	S(C1=NN=NN1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C1C([H])([H])O[C@]2([H])[C@@](C(N2C=1C(=O)[O-])=O)(N([H])C(C([H])(C(=O)[O-])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])O[H])=O)OC([H])([H])[H].[Na+].[Na+]
InChi Key	GRIXGZQULWMCLU-HUTAOCTPSA-L
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C20H20N6O9S.2Na/c1-25-19(22-23-24-25)36-8-10-7-35-18-20(34-2,17(33)26(18)13(10)16(31)32)21-14(28)12(15(29)30)9-3-5-11(27)6-4-9;;/h3-6,12,18,27H,7-8H2,1-2H3,(H,21,28)(H,29,30)(H,31,32);;/q;2*+1/p-2/t12?,18-,20+;;/m1../s1
Chemical Name	sodium (6R,7R)-7-(2-carboxylato-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido)-7-methoxy-3-(((1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio)methyl)-8-oxo-5-oxa-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate
Synonyms	Moxalactam; Latamoxef; Lamoxactam; Festamoxin; 6059-S;6059 S;6059S;LY-127935;LY127935; LY 127935;Moxalactam Disodium, FestamoxinLy, Shiomarin
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	β-lactam
ln Vitro	90% of Salmonella species, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella species, Proteus species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Escherichia coli strains are inhibited by doxalactam (Latamoxef), including strains resistant to cephalothin and gentamicin at concentrations of less than 1 μg/mL[1]. Acinetobacter species are typically resistant to Moxalactam, while it shows moderate activity against P. aeruginosa and is generally active against other Pseudomonas species[1]. Moxalactam inhibits the production of β-lactamases and does not induce class I β-lactamase. It has demonstrated remarkable stability in vitro against a range of β-lactamases, including that produced by B. fragilis[1].
ln Vivo	Mice treated with loxalactam (Latamoxef) (0–7.4 mg/mouse; s.c.; once) are resistant to bacterial infections[2].
Animal Protocol	Animal Model: Four-week-old male strain ICR mice, weighing 18-20 g, bacterial infection model[2] Dosage: 0-7.4 mg/mouse Administration: Subcutaneous injection, once Result: demonstrated protective action against mice infected with both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with ED50s less than 7.4 mg/mouse.
References	[1]. Moxalactam (latamoxef). A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. Drugs. 1983 Oct;26(4):279-333. [2]. Goto S. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of moxalactam, an oxa-β-lactam antibiotic. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1982, 4(Supplement_3): S501-S510.
Additional Infomation	Moxalactam Disodium is a parenteral oxacephem antibiotic with an oxygen molecule substituted for the sulfur atom in the beta-lactam nucleus. Moxalactam is a thrid-generation cephalosporin that has broad-spectrum antibiotic activity and high resistance to beta-lactameses. This agent is active against gram-negative enteric bacilli, including multiple drug-resistant strains. Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~442.92 mM) H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~88.58 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.69 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.69 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.69 mM) Solubility in Formulation 4: 130 mg/mL (230.32 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.7717 mL	8.8583 mL	17.7167 mL
	5 mM	0.3543 mL	1.7717 mL	3.5433 mL
	10 mM	0.1772 mL	0.8858 mL	1.7717 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.