Lactate (Lactic acid) calcium is used by the beverage industry as a source of calcium to fortify fruit juices. Lactate calcium promotes bean sprout growth and phytic acid degradation.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C3H6O3.1/2CA
Molecular Weight	110.12
Exact Mass	218.01
CAS #	814-80-2
Related CAS #	Lactate;50-21-5;Lactate sodium;72-17-3;Lactate potassium;996-31-6
PubChem CID	13144
Appearance	White, crystalline powder
Boiling Point	227.6ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	> 120
Flash Point	109.9ºC
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	13
Complexity	53.5
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	[Ca].O=C(C(C)O)O
InChi Key	MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChi Code	InChI=1S/2C3H6O3.Ca/c2*1-2(4)3(5)6;/h2*2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6);/q;;+2/p-2
Chemical Name	calcium;2-hydroxypropanoate
Synonyms	calcium lactate; 814-80-2; Calcium dilactate; Calphosan; calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate; 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid calcium salt; 63690-56-2; Hemicalcium L-lactate;
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Once thought to be the consequence of oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle, the glycolytic product lactate is formed and utilised continuously under fully aerobic conditions. 'Cell-cell' and 'intracellular lactate shuttle' concepts describe the roles of lactate in delivery of oxidative and gluconeogenic substrates as well as in cell signalling. Examples of cell-cell shuttles include lactate exchanges (i) between white-glycolytic and red-oxidative fibres within a working muscle bed; (ii) between working skeletal muscle and heart; and (iii) between tissues of net lactate release and gluconeogenesis. Lactate shuttles exist in diverse tissues including in the brain, where a shuttle between astrocytes and neurons is linked to glutamatergic signalling. Because lactate, the product of glycogenolysis and glycolysis, is disposed of by oxidative metabolism, lactate shuttling unites the two major processes of cellular energy transduction. Lactate disposal is mainly through oxidation, especially during exercise when oxidation accounts for 70-75% of removal and gluconeogenesis the remainder. Lactate flux occurs down proton and concentration gradients that are established by the mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex. Marathon running is a power activity requiring high glycolytic and oxidative fluxes; such activities require lactate shuttling. Knowledge of the lactate shuttle is yet to be imparted to the sport.[1]
ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Absorption, Distribution and Excretion In order to be absorbed, calcium must be in its freely soluble form (Ca2+) or bound to a soluble organic molecule. Calcium absorption mainly occurs at the duodenum and proximal jejunum due to more acidic pH and the abundance of the calcium binding proteins. The mean calcium absorption is about 25% of calcium intake (range is 10 – 40%) in the small intestine, and is mediated by both passive diffusion and active transport. Following oral administration to a human volunteer, 20 to 30% of a dose of lactic acid of up to 3000 mg was excreted via the urine during a period of 14 hours. The majority of calcium absorbed (99%) is stored in the skeleton and teeth for structural integrity. No pharmacokinetic data available. Metabolism / Metabolites In hepatic gluconeogenesis, lactic acid is converted to glucose. Lactic acid may be further catabolyzed in the lactic acid cycle. RUMINAL INGESTA FROM COWS FED 2.5 L GRAIN-ALFALFA HAY MIXT PROVIDING 545 G OF SODIUM LACTATE & CALCIUM LACTATE DAILY INCUBATED WITH SODIUM LACTATE OR 17 POLY LACTIC ACID. ACETATE WAS PRIMARY END PRODUCT BUT OXIDN OF LACTATE CAUSED SYNTH OF BUTYRATE FROM ACETATE. Biological Half-Life No pharmacokinetic data available.
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics	Protein Binding No pharmacokinetic data available.
References	[1]. Brooks GA. Lactate: link between glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. Sports Med. 2007;37(4-5):341-3.
Additional Infomation	Calcium lactate is a salt that consists of two lactate anions for each calcium cation (Ca2+). It is prepared commercially by the neutralization of lactic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide. Approved by the FDA as a direct food substance affirmed as generally recognized as safe, calcium lactate is used as a firming agent, flavoring agent, leavening agent, stabilizer, and thickener. Calcium lactate is also found in daily dietary supplements as a source of calcium. It is also available in various hydrate forms, where calcium lactate pentahydrate is the most common. Drug Indication Indicated for use as the nutritional supplement. Mechanism of Action In aqueous environments such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, calcium lactate will dissociate into calcium cation and lactic acid anions, the conjugate base of lactic acid. Lactic acid is a naturally-occurring compound that serves as fuel or energy in mammals by acting as an ubiquitous intermediate in the metabolic pathways. Lactic acid diffuses through the muscles and is transported to the liver by the bloodstream to participate in gluconeogenesis.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (908.10 mM) H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (454.05 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	9.0810 mL	45.4050 mL	90.8100 mL
	5 mM	1.8162 mL	9.0810 mL	18.1620 mL
	10 mM	0.9081 mL	4.5405 mL	9.0810 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.