L-Tryptophanylglycine (Trp-gly) is a dipeptide that can inhibit the uptake of Ceronapril by Caco-2 cells with Ki of 7.19 mM.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C13H15N3O3
Molecular Weight	261.28
Exact Mass	261.111
CAS #	7360-09-0
PubChem CID	97054
Sequence	H-Trp-Gly-OH; L-tryptophyl-glycine
SequenceShortening	WG
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.383 g/cm3
Boiling Point	643.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	342.8ºC
Index of Refraction	1.671
LogP	1.329
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	5
Heavy Atom Count	19
Complexity	348
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	1
SMILES	O=C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C1=C([H])N([H])C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C12)N([H])[H])N([H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H]
InChi Key	UYKREHOKELZSPB-JTQLQIEISA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C13H15N3O3/c14-10(13(19)16-7-12(17)18)5-8-6-15-11-4-2-1-3-9(8)11/h1-4,6,10,15H,5,7,14H2,(H,16,19)(H,17,18)/t10-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]acetic acid
Synonyms	Trp-gly; Tryptophylglycine; L-Tryptophanylglycine; Glycine, L-tryptophyl-; Tryptophyl-Glycine; Tryptophylglycine,l; Glycine, N-L-tryptophyl-; ...; 7360-09-0;
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Ceronapril uptake
ln Vitro	The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor ceronapril (SQ 29852) is shown to be a substrate of the intestinal dipeptide transporter. Uptake by Caco-2 cells, grown as confluent monolayers, follows a major saturable pathway (Km, 0.91 ± 0.11 mM; ∼90% at 1 mM) together with a minor passive component (kJ, 32.3 ± 6.6 ng (106 cells)−1 (20 min)−1. Uptake was inhibited by competition with dipeptides such as l-AIa-l-Pro (Ki, 2.96 mM) and l-Phe-Gly (Ki, 3.84 mM) but not by cephalosporins such as cephalexin. In contrast, transport was non-saturable, flux increased linearly with concentration and data were consistent with a passive transepithelial transport mechanism. Transport profiles showed a biphasic dependence upon time with an initial flux of 0.83 ± 0.02 ng insert−1 min−1 (k1) and a terminal value of 1.65 ± 0.08 ng insert−1 min−1 ((k2) at 100 μM. It is concluded that the basolateral efflux is retarded so that the passive paracellular transport controls the overall transepithelial transport characteristics in the Caco-2 model. Carrier-mediated uptake into intestinal enterocytres, followed by rate-limiting basolateral efflux, may explain the extended tmax in vivo following oral administration [1].
References	[1]. P.L.Nicklin, et al. Uptake and transport of the ACE-inhibitor ceronapril (SQ 29852) by monolayers of human intestinal absorptive (Caco-2) cells in vitro. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 30 August 1996, 140 (2): 175-183.
Additional Infomation	Trp-Gly is a dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and glycine residues. It has a role as a metabolite. Tryptophylglycine has been reported in Brassica napus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.8273 mL	19.1366 mL	38.2731 mL
	5 mM	0.7655 mL	3.8273 mL	7.6546 mL
	10 mM	0.3827 mL	1.9137 mL	3.8273 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.