Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C48H74O14 |
| Molecular Weight | 875.09 |
| Exact Mass | 874.508 |
| CAS # | 71827-03-7 |
| PubChem CID | 6321424 |
| Appearance | White to light yellow solid powder |
| LogP | 5.601 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 14 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 8 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 62 |
| Complexity | 1680 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 20 |
| SMILES | CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@H](CC[C@@]2(O1)C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\C)C |
| InChi Key | AZSNMRSAGSSBNP-XPNPUAGNSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C48H74O14/c1-11-25(2)43-28(5)17-18-47(62-43)23-34-20-33(61-47)16-15-27(4)42(26(3)13-12-14-32-24-55-45-40(49)29(6)19-35(46(51)58-34)48(32,45)52)59-39-22-37(54-10)44(31(8)57-39)60-38-21-36(53-9)41(50)30(7)56-38/h12-15,19,25-26,28,30-31,33-45,49-50,52H,11,16-18,20-24H2,1-10H3/b13-12+,27-15+,32-14+/t25-,26-,28-,30-,31-,33+,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40+,41-,42-,43+,44-,45+,47+,48+/m0/s1 |
| Chemical Name | (1R,4S,5'S,6R,6'R,8R,10E,12S,13S,14E,16E,20R,21R,24S)-6'-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-21,24-dihydroxy-12-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5',11,13,22-tetramethylspiro[3,7,19-trioxatetracyclo[15.6.1.14,8.020,24]pentacosa-10,14,16,22-tetraene-6,2'-oxane]-2-one |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | Ivermectin is comprised of a mixture of two homologous molecules, ivermectin B1a (not less than 80%) and ivermectin B1b (not more than 20%), and is a member of the macrocyclic lactone class of avermectins. At a dose of 0.3 μg/ml, the primary component of ivermectin, ivermectin B1a, is inert, while at the same quantity, ivermectin B1b, the lesser component, causes 100% snail mortality[1]. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion Moderately well absorbed. Improved absorption with high fat meal. Ivermectin is metabolized in the liver, and ivermectin and/or its metabolites are excreted almost exclusively in the feces over an estimated 12 days, with less than 1% of the administered dose excreted in the urine. The volume of distribution is 3 to 3.5 L/kg and it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Metabolism / Metabolites Primarily hepatic. Ivermectin and/or its metabolites are excreted almost exclusively in the feces over an estimated 12 days, with less than 1 % of the administered dose excreted in the urine. Biological Half-Life Following oral administration, the half-life of ivermectin is approximately 18 hours. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Hepatotoxicity Single dose therapy with ivermectin has been associated with a low rate of serum aminotransferase elevations. A single case of clinically apparent liver injury has been reported after ivermectin use (Case 1). The onset of injury occurred 1 month after a single dose and was characterized by a hepatocellular pattern of serum enzyme elevations without jaundice. Recovery was rapid and complete. In trials of ivermectin to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and to ameliorate the course of early as well as severe COVID-19, serum aminotransferase elevations were not uncommon but were no more frequent among patients receiving ivermectin than among those receiving placebo or a comparator drug. Likelihood score: D (possible rare cause of mild clinically apparent liver injury). Protein Binding 93% |
| References |
[1]. Ivermectin Efficacy Against Biomphalaria, Intermediate Host Snail Vectors of Schistosomiasis. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2017 May;70(5):680-684. [2]. Ivermectin, a New Candidate Therapeutic Against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2020 May 30;19(1):23. |
| Additional Infomation |
Pharmacodynamics Ivermectin is a semisynthetic, anthelminitic agent. It is an avermectin, a group of pentacyclic sixteen-membered lactones (i.e. a macrocyclic lactone disaccharide) derived from the soil bacterium _Streptomyces avermitilis_. Avermectins are potent and broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agents. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | DMSO : 100 mg/mL (114.27 mM) |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1427 mL | 5.7137 mL | 11.4274 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2285 mL | 1.1427 mL | 2.2855 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1143 mL | 0.5714 mL | 1.1427 mL |