Isovalerylcarnitine chloride is a product of L-leucine catabolism and is a potent activator of human neutrophil calpain.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C12NO4.CL-
Molecular Weight	257.5857
Exact Mass	281.139
CAS #	139144-12-0
Related CAS #	Isovalerylcarnitine;31023-24-2;Isovalerylcarnitine-d3 chloride;Isovalerylcarnitine-d9 chloride;1334532-23-8
PubChem CID	25105259
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
LogP	1.927
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	8
Heavy Atom Count	18
Complexity	268
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	1
SMILES	CC(C)CC(=O)O[C@H](CC(=O)O)C[N+](C)(C)C.[Cl-]
InChi Key	HWDFIOSIRGUUSM-HNCPQSOCSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C12H23NO4.ClH/c1-9(2)6-12(16)17-10(7-11(14)15)8-13(3,4)5;/h9-10H,6-8H2,1-5H3;1H/t10-;/m1./s1
Chemical Name	[(2R)-3-carboxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)propyl]-trimethylazanium;chloride
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References

[1]. Isovalerylcarnitine is a specific activator of calpain of human neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Nov 13;148(3):1189-95.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~354.89 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.8821 mL	19.4107 mL	38.8214 mL
	5 mM	0.7764 mL	3.8821 mL	7.7643 mL
	10 mM	0.3882 mL	1.9411 mL	3.8821 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.