Isaxonine works as a pH regulator on the bilayer surface. Isaxonine accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration, stimulates axonal sprouting, and promotes recovery of motor and sensory functions. Isaxonine is a neurotrophic agent.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C7H11N3
Molecular Weight	137.1823
Exact Mass	137.095
CAS #	4214-72-6
PubChem CID	71169
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density：1.065 g/cm3）
Density	1.065 g/cm3
Boiling Point	229.3ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point	27-28ºC
Flash Point	92.5ºC
Index of Refraction	1.554
LogP	1.369
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	10
Complexity	86.9
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	CC(C)NC1=NC=CC=N1
InChi Key	FTCYIGBVOHNHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C7H11N3/c1-6(2)10-7-8-4-3-5-9-7/h3-6H,1-2H3,(H,8,9,10)
Chemical Name	N-propan-2-ylpyrimidin-2-amine
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	The effects of isaxonine on nerve regeneration are favorable. After eight weeks, rats administered with intraperitoneal isaxonine showed enormous clusters, while rats that received the vehicle alone showed small clusters. After ten weeks, the muscles of the animals given solvent alone showed a checkerboard pattern of different fiber types; however, the muscles of the animals given isaxonine showed a grouping of different fiber types. By blocking redundant nerve terminals of additional axons that regenerate more slowly when in contact with motor end plates, isaxonine inhibits synaptic remodeling [4]. Acute hepatitis caused by isothionine phosphate is usually curable when the medication is stopped [5].
References	[1]. De Bleecker J, et al. Influence of isaxonine on the target phenomenon, muscle fibre size and neuromuscular junction in the tenotomized and denervated gastrocnemius muscle of the rat. Acta Neuropathol. 1986;69(3-4):337-340. [2]. J De Bleecker, et al. Influence of Isaxonine on the target phenomenon, muscle fibre size and neuromuscular junction in the tenotomized and denervated gastrocnemius muscle of the rat. Acta Neuropathol. 1986;69(3-4):337-40. [3]. C M Becker, et al. Nerve and muscle regeneration after axonal division in rats treated with Isaxonine phosphate (isopropylamino-2-pyrimidine phosphate). Eur Surg Res. 1986;18(6):383-9. [4]. J De Reuck, et al. Influence of Isaxonine on reinnervation of the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Acta Neuropathol. 1987;72(4):406-8. [5]. A Davy, et al. [Hepatotoxicity of Isaxonine phosphate: 4 cases of severe subacute hepatitis]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1984 Oct;8(10):715-9.
Additional Infomation	Isaxonine is an aminopyrimidine.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	7.2897 mL	36.4485 mL	72.8969 mL
	5 mM	1.4579 mL	7.2897 mL	14.5794 mL
	10 mM	0.7290 mL	3.6448 mL	7.2897 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.