 Chemical Structure.png)
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C24H34O31S4-4 |
| Molecular Weight | 946.768160000001 |
| Exact Mass | 945.998 |
| CAS # | 9062-07-1 |
| PubChem CID | 11966245 |
| Appearance | White to light yellow solid powder |
| Source | Eucheuma serra or red algae H. musciformis and S. filiformis |
| LogP | -1.53 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 6 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 31 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 12 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 59 |
| Complexity | 1840 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 20 |
| SMILES | OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]3CO[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]4[C@H]5CO[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H](O5)O)OS([O-])(=O)=O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H]2OS([O-])(=O)=O)O3)OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OS([O-])(=O)=O |
| InChi Key | QIDSWKFAPCTSKL-RRQHLKGPSA-J |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C24H38O31S4/c25-1-5-12(52-56(31,32)33)9(27)10(28)22(46-5)49-14-8-4-44-18(14)20(55-59(40,41)42)24(48-8)51-16-11(29)23(47-6(2-26)15(16)53-57(34,35)36)50-13-7-3-43-17(13)19(21(30)45-7)54-58(37,38)39/h5-30H,1-4H2,(H,31,32,33)(H,34,35,36)(H,37,38,39)(H,40,41,42)/p-4/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,12+,13+,14+,15+,16-,17+,18+,19-,20-,21+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1 |
| Chemical Name | [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(1R,3R,4R,5S,8S)-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1R,3S,4R,5S,8S)-3-hydroxy-4-sulfonatooxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-3-sulfonatooxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4-sulfonatooxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] sulfate |
| Synonyms | Viscarin SD 309; 9062-07-1; [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(1R,3R,4R,5S,8S)-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1R,3S,4R,5S,8S)-3-hydroxy-4-sulfonatooxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-3-sulfonatooxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4-sulfonatooxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] sulfate; Refined stage; CHEBI:37168; QIDSWKFAPCTSKL-RRQHLKGPSA-J; |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | Biochemical reagent |
| ln Vitro | Membranes with iota-Carrageenan (16.67–100% distributed throughout the mixture) exhibit minimal transparency and aggregation [1]. The droplet size distribution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) emulsion at pH=6 is improved in a dose-dependent manner by β-Carrageenan (0.088 wt% and 0.13 wt%) [3]. The apparent average droplet size of BSA emulsion at pH=9 is not significantly affected by ι-Carrageenan (0.0011, 0.011, and 0.22 wt%; 8 d) [3]. In a dose-dependent manner at pH=3, β-carrageenan (0-0.15 wt%) raises the average particle size of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) emulsion [4]. Good β-Lg emulsion stability at pH=6 is demonstrated by ι-Carrageenan (0-0.16 wt%; 7 d) [4]. |
| Enzyme Assay | The rheological properties of ι-carrageenan isolated from Togekirinsai (Eucheuma serra) were measured with a rheogoniometer. The flow curves of a Ca-salt of ι-carrageenan solution showed plastic behavior and the yield value was estimated to be 0.4, 1.7 and 7.7 Pa at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (w/v) concentration, respectively. The dynamic modulus of Ca-salt of ι-carrageenan increased with increase in concentration and gelation occurred at a concentration of 0.3% (w/v) at room temperature. The Ca-salt showed larger values than did of Na- and K-salts of ι-carrageenan in dynamic viscoelasticity. The Na- and K-salts of ι-carrageenan had very large values in the presence of CaCl2 (6.8 mM) in dynamic modulus which maintained a constant value as the temperature increased to 40°C. A transition temperature, at which dynamic modulus decreased rapidly, was observed at 40°C. The Ca-salt of ι-carrageenan decreased with the addition of urea (4.0 M). The gel formation of the ι-carrageenan isolated from Togekirinsai might be essentially attributed to intra- and intermolecular associations, contributed by sulfate groups of adjacent D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose residues through Ca2 bridges with ionic bonding and attractive electrostatic forces within and between molecules[2]. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Data:
LC50 (rat) > 930 mg/m3/4hr Toxicity Data LC50 (rat) > 930 mg/m3/4hr |
| References |
[1]. Development and characterization of edible films from mixtures of κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, and alginate. Food Hydrocolloids, 2015, 47: 140-145. [2]. Molecular origin of the rheological characteristics of ι-carrageenan isolated from Togekirinsai (Eucheuma serra). Food Science and Technology Research, 2001, 7(2): 176-180. [3]. Effect of ι-carrageenan on flocculation, creaming, and rheology of a protein-stabilized emulsion. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 1997, 45(10): 3799-3806. [4]. Influence of pH and iota-carrageenan concentration on physicochemical properties and stability of beta-lactoglobulin-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jun 2;52(11):3626-32. |
| Additional Infomation |
Iota-carrageenan is a carrageenan. The influence of pH and iota-carrageenan concentration on the properties of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg)-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions was investigated by measuring the particle charge, particle size distribution, and creaming stability. Emulsions containing droplets stabilized by beta-Lg were produced by homogenization, and then, iota-carrageenan was added. At pH 3, the droplet charge did not change for iota-carrageenan concentrations |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0562 mL | 5.2811 mL | 10.5622 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2112 mL | 1.0562 mL | 2.1124 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1056 mL | 0.5281 mL | 1.0562 mL |