Physicochemical Properties
| CAS # | 844439-96-9 |
| PubChem CID | 118984462 |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 79 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 92 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 197 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 426 |
| Complexity | 15300 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 51 |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | IC50: 19.59 nM/L (insulin receptor)[2] |
| ln Vitro | With an IC50 value of 19.59 nM, insulin degludec (0.001-1000 nM; 12 h) binds to the insulin receptor[2]. In HL-1 cells, insulin degludec (200 nM; 10 min) boosts glucose uptake[2]. |
| ln Vivo | Insulin degludec (5 U/kg; sc once daily for 30 days) affects glucose homeostasis and liver metabolism in diabetic mice undergoing insulin-induced hypoglycemia[1]. |
| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis [2] Cell Types: HL-1 cardiomyocytes Tested Concentrations: 200 nM Incubation Duration: 0-60 min Experimental Results: diminished the level of Akt phosphorylation after 5 and 10 min treatment. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male Swiss mice with diabetes[1] Doses: 5 U/kg Route of Administration: subcutaneous (sc) injection; 5 U/kg one time/day for 30 days Experimental Results: demonstrated a fast response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia with a glycemic level at or slightly under 100 mg/dl after 60 min and this response effect can be abolished by cortisol. Diminished rates of glucose production and demonstrated a low lactate production in livers. Increased the number of hepatocytes. |
| References |
[1]. Insulin degludec and glutamine dipeptide modify glucose homeostasis and liver metabolism in diabetic mice undergoing insulin-induced hypoglycemia. J Appl Biomed. 2021 Dec;19(4):210-219. [2]. Effect of the long-acting insulin analogues glargine and degludec on cardiomyocyte cell signalling and function. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016 Jul. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | 0.1 M HCL: 50 mg/mL |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |