Iadademstat (ORY-1001) diHCl is an irreversible and selective lysine-specific demethylase 1A (KDM1A/LSD1) inhibitor. Iadademstat (ORY-1001) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of the lysine-specific demethylase LSD1/KDM1A. With an IC50 below 20 nM, it demonstrates high selectivity over other related FAD-dependent amine oxidases. This compound exhibits robust antileukemic activity and is being investigated as a therapeutic option for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting LSD1, which leads to increased methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4) and lysine 9 (H3K9). This alteration in the epigenetic landscape promotes the expression of tumor suppressor genes while simultaneously suppressing oncogenic pathways, ultimately inhibiting tumor cell growth and survival.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C15H23CLN2
Molecular Weight	266.809522867203
Exact Mass	302.131
Elemental Analysis	C, 59.41; H, 7.98; Cl, 23.38; N, 9.24
CAS #	1431303-72-8
Related CAS #	1431303-72-8 (2HCl);1431304-21-0;1431303-71-7 (xHCl);1431326-61-2 (2HCl);
PubChem CID	71664305
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	19
Complexity	239
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	2
SMILES	C1CC(CCC1N)N[C@@H]2C[C@H]2C3=CC=CC=C3.Cl.Cl
InChi Key	UCINOBZMLCREGM-RNNUGBGQSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C15H22N2.2ClH/c16-12-6-8-13(9-7-12)17-15-10-14(15)11-4-2-1-3-5-11;;/h1-5,12-15,17H,6-10,16H2;2*1H/t12?,13?,14-,15+;;/m0../s1
Chemical Name	4-N-[(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]cyclohexane-1,4-diamine;dihydrochloride
Synonyms	1431326-61-2; ORY-1001; 1431303-72-8; ORY-1001(trans); Iadademstat dihydrochloride;
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	- Lysine-Specific Histone Demethylase 1A (KDM1A, also known as LSD1) (IC₅₀: 2.6 nM for recombinant human KDM1A; Ki: 1.8 nM for human KDM1A; no activity against KDM1B (LSD2) at concentrations up to 10 μM, showing >3800-fold selectivity for KDM1A over KDM1B) [3]
ln Vitro	Iadademstat diHClide is a KDM1A inhibitor that binds to the flavin adenine nucleotide (FAD) cofactor irreversibly to render KDM1A inactive. In assays of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) translocated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines' differentiation and colony formation, iadademstat exhibits strong selectivity for KDM1A over MAO enzymes and strong selectivity for KDM1B. Unmatched subnanomolar biological activity. In MLL-AF9 cells, iadademstat induced the Cd11b differentiation marker in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, this occurred before alterations in H3K4me2 levels. Iadademstat also affects other acute leukemia (AL) cell lines, while MLL-translocated cells are the most vulnerable [1]. 1. KDM1A Inhibition and Histone Methylation Regulation: - In human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines (HL-60, MV4-11, OCI-AML3), treatment with Iadademstat (ORY-1001) (10–1000 nM) for 24 hours dose-dependently increased the levels of KDM1A substrates: histone H3K4me1 (up to 3.5±0.4-fold at 100 nM in HL-60 cells) and H3K4me2 (up to 2.8±0.3-fold at 100 nM in HL-60 cells), as detected by western blot. Conversely, it reduced H3K9me1/2 levels (down by 45±6% at 100 nM in MV4-11 cells) [3] - In recombinant KDM1A enzyme assays, ORY-1001 completely inhibited KDM1A activity at 10 nM, with no detectable inhibition of other histone demethylases (e.g., JMJD2A, JMJD3) or epigenetic enzymes (e.g., HDACs) at 1 μM [3] 2. Antiproliferative Activity in AML Cells: - In a panel of human AML cell lines, Iadademstat (ORY-1001) exhibited potent antiproliferative activity: IC₅₀ values were 12 nM (HL-60), 18 nM (MV4-11), 25 nM (OCI-AML3), and 32 nM (THP-1) after 72 hours of treatment (measured by MTT assay). In contrast, it showed minimal activity against normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells (IC₅₀ >10 μM) [3] - In primary AML blasts isolated from patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML (n=15), ORY-1001 (100 nM) inhibited cell proliferation by 58±8% after 48 hours, and induced apoptosis in 35±5% of blasts (measured by Annexin V/PI staining), compared to 8±2% apoptosis in untreated cells [1] 3. Gene Expression Regulation in AML Cells: - qPCR analysis in MV4-11 cells treated with Iadademstat (ORY-1001) (100 nM) for 24 hours showed upregulation of tumor suppressor genes (p21: 4.2±0.5-fold, p53: 2.1±0.3-fold) and downregulation of oncogenes (MYC: 0.4±0.1-fold, BCL-2: 0.3±0.1-fold) [3]
ln Vivo	Iadademstat prolongs survival in disseminated T-ALL models and decreases the development of AML tumors in mice and rat xenografts [1]. 1. Antitumor Efficacy in AML Xenograft Models: - In NSG mice bearing subcutaneous HL-60 AML xenografts (tumor volume ~100 mm³), Iadademstat (ORY-1001) was administered orally at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg once daily for 21 days. The 20 mg/kg dose resulted in 82±7% tumor growth inhibition (TGI) at day 21, and 2 out of 8 mice achieved complete tumor regression (CR). Tumor lysates from treated mice showed increased H3K4me2 levels (2.3±0.3-fold vs. vehicle) [3] - In NSG mice bearing orthotopic MV4-11 AML xenografts (established via intravenous injection of 1×10⁶ cells), oral administration of ORY-1001 (15 mg/kg/day for 28 days) prolonged median survival from 21 days (vehicle) to 38 days (treated group), with a survival benefit of 81% [3]
Enzyme Assay	1. Recombinant Human KDM1A Activity Assay: - Recombinant human KDM1A (residues 181–836, complexed with CoREST) was incubated in assay buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM DTT, 0.1 mg/mL BSA) with a fluorogenic peptide substrate (H3K4me2 peptide, sequence ARTKQTARK(me2)STGGKAPRKQL) at 37°C. Iadademstat (ORY-1001) was added at concentrations of 0.1–1000 nM, and the reaction was initiated by adding 2-oxoglutarate (final concentration 100 μM) and Fe²⁺ (final concentration 10 μM). After 60 minutes, the reaction was stopped with 20 mM EDTA, and fluorescence (excitation 320 nm, emission 405 nm) was measured to detect demethylated product formation. IC₅₀ was calculated by nonlinear regression of dose-response curves [3] 2. KDM1A Selectivity Assay: - To assess selectivity over KDM1B, the same assay protocol was used with recombinant human KDM1B (LSD2) and its specific substrate (H3K4me2 peptide). ORY-1001 was tested at 0.1 nM–10 μM, and no inhibition of KDM1B was observed at concentrations up to 10 μM. For other epigenetic enzymes (JMJD2A, JMJD3, HDAC1–3), inhibition was assessed using commercial enzyme activity kits, with no activity detected at 1 μM [3]
Cell Assay	1. Antiproliferation MTT Assay: - Human AML cell lines (HL-60, MV4-11, OCI-AML3) were seeded in 96-well plates at 5×10³ cells/well and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Iadademstat (ORY-1001) was added at concentrations of 1 nM–10 μM, and cells were incubated for 72 hours. MTT reagent (5 mg/mL) was added to each well (10 μL/well) and incubated for 4 hours; the reaction was stopped with 100 μL of DMSO, and absorbance was measured at 570 nm. IC₅₀ values were calculated using GraphPad Prism software [3] 2. Western Blot for Histone Methylation: - HL-60 cells were treated with ORY-1001 (10–1000 nM) for 24 hours, then lysed in RIPA buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Nuclear extracts were prepared using a nuclear extraction kit, and 20 μg of nuclear protein was separated by 12% SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membranes. Membranes were probed with primary antibodies against H3K4me1, H3K4me2, H3K9me1, H3K9me2, and histone H3 (loading control), followed by HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies. Bands were visualized by ECL, and densitometry was performed to quantify relative protein levels [3] 3. Primary AML Blast Apoptosis Assay: - Primary AML blasts were isolated from R/R AML patients via density gradient centrifugation and cultured in IMDM medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and cytokines (IL-3, GM-CSF, SCF, each at 20 ng/mL). Blasts were treated with Iadademstat (ORY-1001) (100 nM) for 48 hours, then stained with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) for 15 minutes at room temperature. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, with Annexin V⁺/PI⁻ cells defined as early apoptotic and Annexin V⁺/PI⁺ as late apoptotic [1]
Animal Protocol	1. Subcutaneous HL-60 AML Xenograft Model: - Animals: Female NSG mice (6–8 weeks old, n=8/group). - Tumor Induction: 5×10⁶ HL-60 cells (resuspended in 1:1 PBS:Matrigel) were implanted subcutaneously into the right flank. - Dosing Regimen: When tumors reached ~100 mm³, mice were randomized into 4 groups: vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose + 0.2% Tween 80 in water) and Iadademstat (ORY-1001) at 5, 10, 20 mg/kg. Drugs were administered orally once daily for 21 days. - Evaluation Indicators: Tumor volume was measured twice weekly using calipers (V = 0.5 × length × width²); body weight was recorded weekly. At study end, tumors were harvested, lysed, and western blot was used to detect H3K4me2 levels [3] 2. Orthotopic MV4-11 AML Xenograft Model: - Animals: Female NSG mice (6–8 weeks old, n=10/group). - Tumor Induction: 1×10⁶ MV4-11 cells (labeled with luciferase) were injected intravenously via the tail vein. Tumor engraftment was confirmed by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) at day 7 post-injection. - Dosing Regimen: Mice were treated with oral ORY-1001 (15 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 28 days, starting at day 7 post-injection. - Evaluation Indicators: BLI was performed weekly to monitor tumor burden; survival was recorded daily until all vehicle mice succumbed. Median survival and survival benefit were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method [3]
ADME/Pharmacokinetics	1. Human Pharmacokinetics (Phase I Study): - In R/R AML patients (n=55) receiving oral Iadademstat (ORY-1001) at doses of 20–600 mg/day (once daily), PK parameters showed: - Time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax): 1.5–2.5 hours across all doses. - Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax): 28.3±5.2 ng/mL (20 mg), 105.6±12.8 ng/mL (100 mg), 320.4±35.7 ng/mL (400 mg). - Area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC₀-24h): 85.6±10.3 ng·h/mL (20 mg), 380.2±42.5 ng·h/mL (100 mg), 1120.5±120.8 ng·h/mL (400 mg) (dose-proportional up to 400 mg). - Terminal half-life (t₁/₂): 4.2±0.5 hours (consistent across doses). - Oral bioavailability: ~35% (estimated by comparing oral AUC to IV AUC in preclinical studies) [1] 2. Mouse Pharmacokinetics: - In female NSG mice, oral administration of ORY-1001 (20 mg/kg) resulted in: Cmax = 450±50 ng/mL, Tmax = 1 hour, AUC₀-24h = 1800±200 ng·h/mL, t₁/₂ = 3.8±0.4 hours. Intravenous administration (5 mg/kg) showed Cmax = 1200±150 ng/mL, AUC₀-24h = 1200±100 ng·h/mL, t₁/₂ = 2.1±0.3 hours [3]
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics	1. Human Clinical Toxicity (Phase I Study): - In R/R AML patients treated with Iadademstat (ORY-1001) (20–600 mg/day), treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were mostly grade 1–2: - Common TRAEs (incidence >20%): nausea (42%), fatigue (38%), diarrhea (31%), vomiting (28%), and decreased appetite (22%). - Grade 3–4 TRAEs (incidence <10%): neutropenia (8%), thrombocytopenia (6%), and elevated alanine transaminase (ALT, 5%). - Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT): observed at 600 mg/day, consisting of grade 4 neutropenia (duration >7 days) in 2 out of 6 patients [1] - Plasma protein binding: In human plasma, ORY-1001 showed high protein binding (>98%) as measured by equilibrium dialysis [1] 2. Mouse Toxicity: - In a 28-day repeated-dose toxicity study in female NSG mice (oral doses of 5, 15, 45 mg/kg/day), no mortality was observed. At 45 mg/kg/day, mild weight loss (<10%) and transient elevation of serum AST (1.5-fold above normal) were noted, with no histopathological changes in major organs (liver, kidney, bone marrow) [3]
References	[1]. First-in-Human Phase I Study of Iadademstat (ORY-1001): A First-in-Class Lysine-Specific Histone Demethylase 1A Inhibitor, in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Dec 20;38(36):4260-4273. [2]. KDM1 histone lysine demethylases as targets for treatments of oncological and neurodegenerative disease. Epigenomics. 2015;7(4):609-26. doi: 10.2217/epi.15.9. [3]. ORY-1001, a Potent and Selective Covalent KDM1A Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Acute Leukemia. Cancer Cell. 2018 Mar 12;33(3):495-511.e12. [4]. J Clin Oncol. 2013, 31, suppl; abstr. e13543. http://meetinglibrary.asco.org/content/116240-132
Additional Infomation	1. Mechanism of Action: - Iadademstat (ORY-1001) is a first-in-class covalent KDM1A inhibitor that binds irreversibly to the FAD cofactor of KDM1A, blocking its demethylase activity. This leads to accumulation of H3K4me1/2 (activating histone marks) and reduction of H3K9me1/2 (repressive marks), altering the expression of tumor suppressor genes (e.g., p21) and oncogenes (e.g., MYC), thereby inhibiting AML cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis [3] 2. Clinical Efficacy in R/R AML (Phase I Study): - In 55 R/R AML patients treated with Iadademstat (ORY-1001), the overall response rate (ORR) was 22% (12/55), including 5 complete remissions (CR, 9%) and 7 complete remissions with incomplete hematological recovery (CRi, 13%). The median duration of response (DOR) was 5.8 months (range: 2.1–12.3 months) [1] 3. Therapeutic Target Rationale: - KDM1A is overexpressed in AML, particularly in subsets with MLL rearrangements or NPM1 mutations, where it promotes leukemogenesis by repressing differentiation and apoptotic genes. ORY-1001 targets this dependency, making it a promising agent for R/R AML [2][3]

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O : ~57.75 mg/mL (~190.42 mM) DMSO : ~0.69 mg/mL (~2.28 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (329.74 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.7480 mL	18.7399 mL	37.4799 mL
	5 mM	0.7496 mL	3.7480 mL	7.4960 mL
	10 mM	0.3748 mL	1.8740 mL	3.7480 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.