Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C9H16N2O3S2 |
| Molecular Weight | 264.36 |
| Exact Mass | 264.06 |
| CAS # | 311343-11-0 |
| PubChem CID | 484333 |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| LogP | 1.497 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 5 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 7 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 16 |
| Complexity | 272 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 1 |
| SMILES | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCCSC(=O)C |
| InChi Key | PCFWUYJHCYCQKP-QMMMGPOBSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C9H16N2O3S2/c1-6(12)11-8(5-15)9(14)10-3-4-16-7(2)13/h8,15H,3-5H2,1-2H3,(H,10,14)(H,11,12)/t8-/m0/s1 |
| Chemical Name | S-[2-[[(2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]ethyl] ethanethioate |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | In RAW 264.7 cells, I-152 (1 mM; 1 h or 2 h) lowers NRF2 mRNA levels [1]. In RAW 264.7 cells, I-152 (1 mM; 0–60 min) decreases p53 and NRF2 levels while upregulating ATF4 expression [1]. The levels of Gclc mRNA (6 h or 24 h), Chac1 mRNA (6 h or 24 h), and Chop mRNA (6 h) in RAW 264.7 cells are increased by I-152 (0.062, 0.125, 0.25, or 1 mM)[1]. In RAW 264.7 cells, I-152 (0.062, 0.125, 0.25, or 1 mM; 2 h) raises GSH levels [1]. In RAW 264.7 cells, I-152 (1 mM; 1, 2, 6 and 24 h) stimulates the expression of ATF4 mRNA [1]. On RAW 264.7 cells, I-152 (1 mM; 24 h and 48 h) demonstrates growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects [1]. |
| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: RAW 264.7 cells. Tested Concentrations: 0.062, 0.125, 0.25, 1, 5 or 10 mM. Incubation Duration: 2 h or 24 h. Experimental Results: decreased the expression of NRF2/β-ACTIN, increased the expression of GCLM. |
| References |
[1]. Activation of NRF2 and ATF4 Signaling by the Pro-Glutathione Molecule I-152, a Co-Drug of N-Acetyl-Cysteine and Cysteamine. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jan 26;10(2):175. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7827 mL | 18.9136 mL | 37.8272 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7565 mL | 3.7827 mL | 7.5654 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3783 mL | 1.8914 mL | 3.7827 mL |