Hyaluronate Sodium (Hyaluronic acid sodium; Sodium hyaluronate), composed of repeating units of disaccharides, is endogenous anionic non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan found in conective tissue and synovial fluid. It binds cell surface proteins and causes inflammation.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C28H42N2NA2O23
Molecular Weight	1500
Exact Mass	799.223
CAS #	9067-32-7
Related CAS #	Hyaluronic acid;9004-61-9
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.78g/cm3
Boiling Point	791.6ºC
Flash Point	432.5ºC
InChi Key	PJIUBKBHEGKTJL-VUHXTTSISA-L
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C28H44N2O23.2Na/c1-5(33)29-9-18(11(35)7(3-31)47-25(9)46)49-28-17(41)15(39)20(22(53-28)24(44)45)51-26-10(30-6(2)34)19(12(36)8(4-32)48-26)50-27-16(40)13(37)14(38)21(52-27)23(42)43/h7-22,25-28,31-32,35-41,46H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,29,33)(H,30,34)(H,42,43)(H,44,45)/q2*+1/p-2/t7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,12-,13+,14+,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20+,21+,22+,25-,26+,27-,28-/m1../s1
Chemical Name	sodium (2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-(((2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)-3-(((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-4-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-carboxylato-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate
Synonyms	Hyaluronic acid sodium Sodium hyaluronate Arthrease Bio Hyaluro 12 Hyalart Hyalurone sodium NRD101 NRD 101 NRD-101 SI-4402 SI4402 SI 4402
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Endogenous Metabolite
ln Vitro	Because hyaluronic acid (HA) can connect to a lot of water molecules, it is utilized a lot in aesthetic treatment. Tissue hydration and resistance to mechanical injury are both enhanced by it. The processes of wound healing, ovulation, fertilization, signal transduction, and tumor physiology are all significantly impacted by HA. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are two joint conditions that are treated with HA. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid functions as a strong barrier to the inflammatory process, lessens the chemotaxis and migration of inflammatory cells, and guards against the damaging effects of free radicals. Because of its ability to lubricate the corneal endothelium, HA is utilized in ophthalmology. It is also used in cosmetic dermatology to increase tissue hydration and cellular resilience to mechanical damage, all while having minimal negative effects. Numerous studies have demonstrated its function in liver disorders, medications, and tumor indicators [1]. The growth and metastasis of cancer are significantly influenced by hyaluronic acid. In addition to promoting cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion, HA and HA fragment-tumor cell interactions can also induce angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cell-like properties, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation in digestive tract tumors. therapeutic qualities[2].
ln Vivo	Numerous studies on animals have shown the benefits of intra-articular hyaluronic acid administration. Studies on HA reveal that it can increase the synthesis of cartilage matrix, stop it from degrading, lessen inflammation, trigger the production of endogenous HA, and enhance the cartilage's suppleness and moisture content [1]. Fresh wounds can heal more quickly when polymer HA formulations are applied topically. They can also be utilized to treat chronic wounds and aid in the healing of venous leg ulcers [3].
Enzyme Assay	Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HA) is a linear polysaccharide formed from disaccharide units containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid. It has a high molecular mass, usually in the order of millions of Daltons, and interesting viscoelastic properties influenced by its polymeric and polyelectrolyte characteristics. HA is present in almost all biological fluids and tissues. In clinical medicine, it is used as a diagnostic marker for many diseases including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and liver pathologies, as well as for supplementation of impaired synovial fluid in arthritic patients by means of intra-articular injections. It is also used in certain ophthalmological and otological surgeries and cosmetic regeneration and reconstruction of soft tissue[3].
Cell Assay	Hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular and peri-cellular glycosaminoglycan with a large molecular weight, plays an important role in cancer growth and metastasis. The correlation between HA accumulation and tumor progression has been shown in various digestive cancers. HA and HA fragment-tumor cell interaction could activate the downstream signaling pathways, promoting cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion, and inducing angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cell-like property, and chemoradioresistance in digestive cancers.[2]
References	[1]. Physiochemical properties and application of hyaluronic acid: a systematic review. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2016 Dec;15(4):520-526. [2]. Hyaluronic acid in digestive cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2017 Jan;143(1):1-16. [3]. Hyaluronic acid: a natural biopolymer with a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications. Biotechnol Lett. 2007 Jan;29(1):17-25.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O : ~3.33 mg/mL DMSO : ~1 mg/mL)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 33.33 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.6667 mL	3.3333 mL	6.6667 mL
	5 mM	0.1333 mL	0.6667 mL	1.3333 mL
	10 mM	0.0667 mL	0.3333 mL	0.6667 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.