Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | H2 |
| Molecular Weight | 1427.48464 |
| Exact Mass | 7041.928 |
| CAS # | 8001-27-2 |
| Related CAS # | Lepirudin;138068-37-8 |
| PubChem CID | 72941487 |
| Appearance | Colorless to light yellow liquid |
| LogP | -40.7 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 99 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 124 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 167 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 487 |
| Complexity | 18900 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 62 |
| SMILES | CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H]2C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N2)C(C)C)CC(=O)N)CO)CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]3CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N3)CC(C)C)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N)CO)CCC(=O)O)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)C(=O)N1)CCCCN)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N6CCC[C@H]6C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC7=CN=CN7)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC8=CC=CC=C8)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N9CCC[C@H]9C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OS(=O)(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)CCC(=O)N)CC(=O)N)CCCCN)CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CO)CC(C)C |
| InChi Key | WQPDUTSPKFMPDP-OUMQNGNKSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C287H440N80O113S7/c1-25-133(19)226-281(469)345-161(87-125(3)4)235(423)306-111-208(394)320-180(116-370)266(454)344-175(101-219(414)415)237(425)307-105-202(388)316-151(62-75-212(400)401)242(430)321-145(41-30-33-81-288)240(428)339-170(96-197(297)383)258(446)326-152(57-70-193(293)379)249(437)351-185(121-484-481-118-182-239(427)310-107-201(387)313-147(55-68-191(291)377)232(420)303-108-205(391)317-169(95-196(296)382)257(445)322-146(42-31-34-82-289)241(429)350-186(271(459)360-226)122-485-482-119-183(268(456)323-149(61-74-211(398)399)234(422)304-110-207(393)319-179(115-369)265(453)342-173(99-200(300)386)264(452)357-223(130(13)14)279(467)355-182)352-253(441)164(90-128(9)10)335-269(457)184-120-483-486-123-187(354-262(450)177(103-221(418)419)347-283(471)230(137(23)374)362-263(451)167(92-140-47-51-143(376)52-48-140)346-278(466)224(131(15)16)359-276(464)222(301)129(11)12)272(460)363-229(136(22)373)282(470)330-157(66-79-216(408)409)248(436)348-178(114-368)238(426)309-106-203(389)315-150(56-69-192(292)378)243(431)340-171(97-198(298)384)259(447)334-163(89-127(7)8)252(440)353-184)270(458)358-225(132(17)18)280(468)364-228(135(21)372)277(465)311-112-204(390)314-148(60-73-210(396)397)233(421)305-113-209(395)356-231(138(24)375)286(474)367-86-38-46-190(367)275(463)331-159(43-32-35-83-290)284(472)365-84-36-44-188(365)273(461)328-153(58-71-194(294)380)247(435)349-181(117-371)267(455)338-168(94-142-104-302-124-312-142)256(444)341-172(98-199(299)385)260(448)343-174(100-218(412)413)236(424)308-109-206(392)318-176(102-220(416)417)261(449)337-165(91-139-39-28-27-29-40-139)254(442)327-154(63-76-213(402)403)244(432)325-158(67-80-217(410)411)250(438)361-227(134(20)26-2)285(473)366-85-37-45-189(366)274(462)329-156(65-78-215(406)407)245(433)324-155(64-77-214(404)405)246(434)336-166(93-141-49-53-144(54-50-141)480-487(477,478)479)255(443)333-162(88-126(5)6)251(439)332-160(287(475)476)59-72-195(295)381/h27-29,39-40,47-54,104,124-138,145-190,222-231,368-376H,25-26,30-38,41-46,55-103,105-123,288-290,301H2,1-24H3,(H2,291,377)(H2,292,378)(H2,293,379)(H2,294,380)(H2,295,381)(H2,296,382)(H2,297,383)(H2,298,384)(H2,299,385)(H2,300,386)(H,302,312)(H,303,420)(H,304,422)(H,305,421)(H,306,423)(H,307,425)(H,308,424)(H,309,426)(H,310,427)(H,311,465)(H,313,387)(H,314,390)(H,315,389)(H,316,388)(H,317,391)(H,318,392)(H,319,393)(H,320,394)(H,321,430)(H,322,445)(H,323,456)(H,324,433)(H,325,432)(H,326,446)(H,327,442)(H,328,461)(H,329,462)(H,330,470)(H,331,463)(H,332,439)(H,333,443)(H,334,447)(H,335,457)(H,336,434)(H,337,449)(H,338,455)(H,339,428)(H,340,431)(H,341,444)(H,342,453)(H,343,448)(H,344,454)(H,345,469)(H,346,466)(H,347,471)(H,348,436)(H,349,435)(H,350,429)(H,351,437)(H,352,441)(H,353,440)(H,354,450)(H,355,467)(H,356,395)(H,357,452)(H,358,458)(H,359,464)(H,360,459)(H,361,438)(H,362,451)(H,363,460)(H,364,468)(H,396,397)(H,398,399)(H,400,401)(H,402,403)(H,404,405)(H,406,407)(H,408,409)(H,410,411)(H,412,413)(H,414,415)(H,416,417)(H,418,419)(H,475,476)(H,477,478,479)/t133-,134-,135+,136+,137+,138+,145-,146-,147-,148-,149-,150-,151-,152-,153-,154-,155-,156-,157-,158-,159-,160-,161-,162-,163-,164-,165-,166-,167-,168-,169-,170-,171-,172-,173-,174-,175-,176-,177-,178-,179-,180-,181-,182-,183-,184-,185-,186-,187-,188-,189-,190-,222-,223-,224-,225-,226-,227-,228-,229-,230-,231-/m0/s1 |
| Chemical Name | (2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(1R,6R,9S,12S,15S,18S,24S,27S,33S,36S,39R,44R,47S,53S,56S,59S,67S,73S,76S)-15,76-bis(4-aminobutyl)-44-[[(2S)-2-[[(4R,7S,10S,13S,19S,22S,25S,28R)-28-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-10-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-22-(2-carboxyethyl)-25-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-19-(hydroxymethyl)-7-(2-methylpropyl)-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-octaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26-octazacyclononacosane-4-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-12,56,73-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-9,67-bis(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-36-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-18,47-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-24-(carboxymethyl)-27,53-bis(hydroxymethyl)-33-(2-methylpropyl)-8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,45,48,51,54,57,60,62,65,68,71,74,77-tricosaoxo-59-propan-2-yl-3,4,41,42-tetrathia-7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,46,49,52,55,58,61,63,66,69,72,75,78-tricosazabicyclo[37.22.17]octaheptacontane-6-carbonyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-sulfooxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | In the internal and exterior coagulation pathways, histidine suppresses thrombin activity, deprives thrombin of its capacity to cleave fibrinogen, and stops fibrin from forming as well as the polymerization process of fibrin monomers by cross-linking [1]. By opposing thrombin, hirudin decreases apoptosis in human microvascular endothelial cells and suppresses p-JAK2 expression [1]. At high concentrations, hirudin suppresses the growth of human microvascular endothelial cells and the VEGF-Notch pathway [1]. TGF-β1-induced aberrant proliferation and fibrosis in HK-2 cells can be counteracted by hirudin (3–10 mg/mL) [1]. Hirudin suppresses the ERK1/2 pathway, decreases oxidative stress, inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibroblasts, and regulates variables associated to fiber in a dose-dependent manner [1]. |
| ln Vivo | In rats, hindrin decreases the inflammatory response and boosts the survivability of random skin flaps [1]. Following laser surgery, hinddin helps SD rats' wounds recover [1]. In a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), hinddin (10 and 15 mg/kg; gavage, thrice daily for 21 days) reduces renal interstitial fibrosis to lessen tubular damage and inflammation [2]. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male balb/c (Bagg ALBino) mouse: with underwent unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO)[2] Doses: 10 and 15 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); 10 and 15 mg/kg, one time/day for 21 days Experimental Results: diminished renal damages and suppressed the upregulation of α-SMA, collagen deposition in UUO mice. Increased the level of fibrosis (collagen-I, FN, α-SMA), N- cad, slug and E-cad in UUO mice. diminished the level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, apoptosis of renal tubular cells in UUO mice. diminished the expression of inflammatory factors, the occurrence of EMT, the incidence of fibrosis and the apoptosis of TGF-β-induced renal tubular epithelial cell. |
| References |
[1]. Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms of Hirudin and Its Derivatives - A Review. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 16;12:660757. [2]. Hirudin improves renal interstitial fibrosis by reducing renal tubule injury and inflammation in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Apr;81:106249. |
| Additional Infomation | Single-chain polypeptides of about 65 amino acids (7 kDa) from LEECHES that have a neutral hydrophobic N terminus, an acidic hydrophilic C terminus, and a compact, hydrophobic core region. Recombinant hirudins lack tyr-63 sulfation and are referred to as 'desulfato-hirudins'. They form a stable non-covalent complex with ALPHA-THROMBIN, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave FIBRINOGEN. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.7005 mL | 3.5027 mL | 7.0053 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1401 mL | 0.7005 mL | 1.4011 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0701 mL | 0.3503 mL | 0.7005 mL |