Gigantol is a bibenzyl compound derived from several medicinal orchids. Giganto shows promising therapeutic potential against cancer cells. Gigantol is a novel inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C16H18O4
Molecular Weight	274.3117
Exact Mass	274.121
CAS #	67884-30-4
PubChem CID	3085362
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.204±0.06 g/cm3
LogP	2.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	5
Heavy Atom Count	20
Complexity	284
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	SDXKZPQOVUDXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C16H18O4/c1-19-14-8-12(7-13(17)10-14)4-3-11-5-6-16(20-2)15(18)9-11/h5-10,17-18H,3-4H2,1-2H3
Chemical Name	5-[2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Gigantol isomer-1 lowers the amounts of phosphorylated LRP6 and cytosolic β-catenin in HEK293 cells. In breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, treatment with Gigantol isomer-1 lowered the levels of phosphorylated LRP6 [1]. Gigantol isomer-1 strongly suppresses the growth of HepG2 cells and promotes apoptosis. Gigantol isomer-1 at doses of 1, 40, and 150 μM significantly reduced cell viability by 11.7, 30.0, and 56.4% at 24 h, respectively, and by 21.1, 66.8, and 85.5% at 48 h, respectively. The IC50 value is 9.30 μM[2].
ln Vivo	In comparison to mice given with a vehicle, rats treated with LDD and Gigantol isomer-1 (25–100 mg/kg, po) showed a significant increase in hot plate latency and a reduction in carrageenan-induced inflammation [2].
References	[1]. Gigantol inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and exhibits anticancer activity in breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Feb 14;18(1):59. [2]. Gigantol attenuates the proliferation of human liver cancer HepG2 cells through the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Rep. 2017 Feb;37(2):865-870. [3]. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of compounds isolated from Scaphyglottis livida and Maxillaria densa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Nov 1;114(2):161-8.
Additional Infomation	Gigantol has been reported in Cymbidium giganteum, Dendrobium candidum, and other organisms with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~364.55 mM) Ethanol : ~50 mg/mL (~182.28 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.6455 mL	18.2276 mL	36.4551 mL
	5 mM	0.7291 mL	3.6455 mL	7.2910 mL
	10 mM	0.3646 mL	1.8228 mL	3.6455 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.