Gemigliptin tartrate (LC15-0444 tartrate) is a selective, reversible, competitive dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (antagonist) with IC50 of 10.3 nM for human recombinant DPP-4. Gemigliptin tartrate has strong anti-glycosylation properties. Gemigliptin tartrate may be utilized to study advanced glycation end products (AGE)-related diabetic complications.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C22H25F8N5O8
Molecular Weight	639.449833631516
Exact Mass	639.157
CAS #	1374639-74-3
Related CAS #	Gemigliptin;911637-19-9
PubChem CID	60199080
Appearance	Light yellow to orange solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	19
Rotatable Bond Count	7
Heavy Atom Count	43
Complexity	880
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	3
SMILES	FC1(CCC(N(C1)C[C@H](CC(N1CC2C(=C(C(F)(F)F)N=C(C(F)(F)F)N=2)CC1)=O)N)=O)F.O[C@@H](C(=O)O)[C@H](C(=O)O)O
InChi Key	DPEZWSNXONTJHT-NDAAPVSOSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C18H19F8N5O2.C4H6O6/c19-16(20)3-1-12(32)31(8-16)6-9(27)5-13(33)30-4-2-10-11(7-30)28-15(18(24,25)26)29-14(10)17(21,22)23;5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h9H,1-8,27H2;1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t9-;1-,2-/m01/s1
Chemical Name	1-[(2S)-2-amino-4-[2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-6,8-dihydro-5H-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-4-oxobutyl]-5,5-difluoropiperidin-2-one;(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	IC50: 10.3 nM (human recombinant DPP-4)[2]
ln Vitro	With an IC50 of 11.69 mM, gemigliptin tartrate dose-dependently inhibits the formation of AGE-BSA[1]. ..With a Ki of 7.25 nM, gemigliptin tartrate is a competitive DPP-4 inhibitor[2].
ln Vivo	In vivo, the production of AGEs and AGE cross-links is inhibited by gemigliptin tartrate (100 mg/kg; ig; daily; for 12 weeks|1]. In rats, dogs, and monkeys, gemigliptin tartrate dose-dependently suppresses plasma DPP-4 activity[2].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice (7 weeks old)[1] Doses: 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral gavage, daily, for 12 weeks Experimental Results: Dramatically decreased circulating AGE levels by 44.5% in serum.
References	[1]. Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, exhibits potent anti-glycation properties in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Dec 5;744:98-102. [2]. Pharmacological profiles of gemigliptin (LC15-0444), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Oct 5;788:54-64.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 100 mg/mL (156.38 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.91 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.5638 mL	7.8192 mL	15.6384 mL
	5 mM	0.3128 mL	1.5638 mL	3.1277 mL
	10 mM	0.1564 mL	0.7819 mL	1.5638 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.