Gallocyanine chloride is a synthetic blue dye that blocks DKK1 inhibitory activity by disrupting the DKK1/LRP6 interaction. It binds weakly to LRP6 (IC50 for inhibiting DKK1 binding is about 3 μM). Gallocyanine chloride dyes may be utilized to study potentially active molecules in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative tauopathies.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C15H13CLN2O5
Molecular Weight	336.7271
Exact Mass	336.051
CAS #	1562-85-2
PubChem CID	73801
Appearance	Brown to black solid powder
Density	1.3979 (rough estimate)
Boiling Point	497ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	254.4ºC
Index of Refraction	1.6500 (estimate)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	23
Complexity	632
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	AQSOTOUQTVJNMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C15H12N2O5.ClH/c1-17(2)7-3-4-9-11(5-7)22-14-12(16-9)8(15(20)21)6-10(18)13(14)19;/h3-6,19H,1-2H3,(H,20,21);1H
Chemical Name	7-(dimethylamino)-4-hydroxy-3-oxophenoxazin-10-ium-1-carboxylic acid;chloride
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	[1]. Synthesis and evaluation of gallocyanine dyes as potential agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies. Eur J Med Chem. 2016 Jan 27;108:28-38.
Additional Infomation	Gallocyanin is an organic chloride salt composed of 1-carboxy-7-(dimethylamino)-3,4-dihydroxyphenoxazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A histological dye used in solution with an iron alum mordant as a hematoxylin substitute in the H&E stain. It has a role as a fluorochrome and a histological dye. It contains a gallocyanin(1+).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ≥ 11.11 mg/mL (~32.99 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 0.53 mg/mL (1.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.3 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 0.53 mg/mL (1.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.3 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.9697 mL	14.8487 mL	29.6974 mL
	5 mM	0.5939 mL	2.9697 mL	5.9395 mL
	10 mM	0.2970 mL	1.4849 mL	2.9697 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.