Fisetin quarterhydrate is a natural flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables that has multiple benefits such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, and neuro-protection effects.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C15H10O6.1/4H2O
Molecular Weight	290.75
Related CAS #	Fisetin;528-48-3
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Sirtuin, PPAR, TNF-alpha[1][2]
ln Vitro	In 3T3-L1 cells, fisetin quarterhydrate suppresses PPARγ expression and lipid buildup. Fisetin quarterhydrate stimulates Sirt1 expression and suppresses preadipocyte development in its early phases. Fisetin quarterhydrate increases the binding of Sirt1 to the PPARγ promoter, which inhibits PPARγ transcriptional activity and adipogenesis by promoting Sirt1-mediated deacetylation of PPARγ and FoxO1 [1]. Fisetin quarterhydrate has considerably better binding characteristics than paclitaxel and stabilizes microtubules via binding tubulin. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAP)-2 and -4 were significantly upregulated in human prostate cancer cells treated with fisetin quarterhydrate. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCa cells were markedly reduced by fisetin quarterhydrate. Treatment with fisetin quarterhydrate inhibits Nudc, a protein linked to the microtubule motor dynamin/dynein complex, which controls microtubule dynamics [2].
ln Vivo	Treatment with fisetin quarterhydrate decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation in mice exposed to UVB radiation. In addition, treatment with fisetin quarterhydrate lowers the levels of inflammatory mediators such COX-2, PGE2 and its receptors (EP1–EP4), and MPO activity. Fisetin quarterhydrate also lowers UVB-exposed skin's levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Treatment with fisetin quarterhydrate also decreases DNA damage and indicators of cell growth, as shown by increased expression of the proteins p53 and p21 [3].
References	[1]. Kim SC, et al. Fisetin induces Sirt1 expression while inhibiting early adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 Nov 27;467(4):638-44. [2]. Mukhtar E, et al. Dietary flavonoid fisetin binds to β-tubulin and disrupts microtubule dynamics in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 2015 Oct 28;367(2):173-83.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.4394 mL	17.1969 mL	34.3938 mL
	5 mM	0.6879 mL	3.4394 mL	6.8788 mL
	10 mM	0.3439 mL	1.7197 mL	3.4394 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.