Faropenem is an effective oral beta-lactam antibiotic. Faropenem displays a broad-spectrum in vitro anti-bacterial effect against many Gram-positive (Gram+) and -negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Faropenem is resistant to nearly all beta-lactamases such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC-lactamases. Faropenem is the oral precursor of faropenem and medoxomib, which is commonly utilized in the research of respiratory tract infections.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C12H15NO5S
Molecular Weight	285.32
Exact Mass	285.067
CAS #	106560-14-9
Related CAS #	Faropenem sodium;122547-49-3
PubChem CID	65894
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.6±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	570.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	298.7±30.1 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±3.6 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.668
LogP	-0.45
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	19
Complexity	477
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	4
SMILES	C[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N2C(=C([C@H]3CCCO3)S[C@H]12)C(=O)O)O
InChi Key	HGGAKXAHAYOLDJ-FHZUQPTBSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C12H15NO5S/c1-5(14)7-10(15)13-8(12(16)17)9(19-11(7)13)6-3-2-4-18-6/h5-7,11,14H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,16,17)/t5-,6-,7+,11-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(5R,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-oxo-3-[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	β-lactam
ln Vitro	Faropenem is ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.[1]. Every B. anthracis isolate is resistant to faropenem. The MIC90 value is 0.5 μg/ml, whereas the MIC values varied from ≤0.06 to >64 μg/liter. Compared to other β-lactams like Penicillin, Amoxicillin-clavulanate, and Meropenem, which have MIC90 values of 4 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml, and 8 μg/ml, respectively, the MIC90 value for Faropenem is lower[2].
ln Vivo	Faropenem exhibits strong activity against B (ip at 24 h postchallenge at 4-, 6-, and 12-h intervals; 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day; 14 days). anthracis in the inhalation paradigm of post-exposure prophylaxis in mice[1].
References	[1]. Faropenem: review of a new oral penem. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Apr;5(2):185-98. [2]. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of faropenem in a lethal murine Bacillus anthracis inhalation postexposure prophylaxis model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 May;54(5):1678-83.
Additional Infomation	6alpha-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid is a faropenem. It is a conjugate acid of a 6alpha-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pen-2-em-3-carboxylate. Faropenem has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tuberculosis, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, and Community Acquired Pneumonia. Faropenem is a penem with a tetrahydrofuran substituent at position C2, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. Compared with imipenem, faropenem has improved chemical stability and reduced central nervous system effects. In addition, faropenem is resistant to hydrolysis by many beta-lactamases.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.5048 mL	17.5242 mL	35.0484 mL
	5 mM	0.7010 mL	3.5048 mL	7.0097 mL
	10 mM	0.3505 mL	1.7524 mL	3.5048 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.