Fanapanel hydrate (ZK200775 hydrate) is a selective AMPA antagonist.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C14H17F3N3O7P
Molecular Weight	427.269654989243
Exact Mass	427.075
CAS #	1255517-78-2
Related CAS #	Fanapanel;161605-73-8
PubChem CID	71312017
Appearance	Light yellow to yellow solid powder
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	11
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	28
Complexity	651
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	RYQLMFHPDNKPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C14H15F3N3O6P.H2O/c15-14(16,17)8-5-9-11(6-10(8)19-1-3-26-4-2-19)20(7-27(23,24)25)13(22)12(21)18-9;/h5-6H,1-4,7H2,(H,18,21)(H2,23,24,25);1H2
Chemical Name	[7-morpholin-4-yl-2,3-dioxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-quinoxalin-1-yl]methylphosphonic acid;hydrate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In cortical slice preparation experiments, ZK200775 had Ki values of 3.2 nM, 100 nM, and 8.5 μM for cisternate, kainic acid, and NMDA, respectively. In diffusion inhibition experiments, it possesses IC50 values of 200 nM, 76 nM, 13 μM and 18 μM against quilacine, kainic acid, NMDA and glycine [1].
ln Vivo	ZK200775 raises the threshold for clonic seizures in mice induced by AMPA and kainic acid, with THRD50 (threshold dose) of 2.9 (1.7-4.6) and 1.6 (1.3-2.0) mg/kg iv. In contrast, the seizure threshold for NMDA-induced epilepsy was dose-only elevated, at THRD50 24.1 (21.9–26.5) mg/kg iv. This affected the rotarod's motor coordination, with an ED50 of 14.6 (12.1–17.6) mg/kg. In rats with hereditary spasticity, intravenous dosages of ZK200775 at 10 and 30 mg/kg decreased muscular tone [1]. In NAcc and nicotine-stimulated LMA, ZK200775 (3.0 mg/kg) significantly decreased nicotine-induced (0.6 mg/kg) DA release, but not 1.5 or 6.0 mg/kg. ZK200775 (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/kg) did not influence LMA or DA release on its own. ZK200775 shows little affinity for nicotine receptors and is 34 times more selective for AMPA receptors than NMDA receptors [2].
References	[1]. ZK200775: a phosphonate quinoxalinedione AMPA antagonist for neuroprotection in stroke and trauma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 1;95(18):10960-5. [2]. Nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is inhibited by the novel AMPA antagonist ZK200775 and the NMDA antagonist CGP39551. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Aug;175(1):114-23.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~11.70 mM) H2O : ~5 mg/mL (~11.70 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.17 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.17 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.17 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.3404 mL	11.7022 mL	23.4044 mL
	5 mM	0.4681 mL	2.3404 mL	4.6809 mL
	10 mM	0.2340 mL	1.1702 mL	2.3404 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.