Epobis is a dendritic peptide, a recombinant form of erythropoietin. Epobis is a potent erythropoietin receptor agonist. Epobis promotes neurofibrillogenesis in primary motor neurons. Epobis reduces the release of TNF and its passage through the BBB (blood-brain barrier). Epobis has anti-inflammatory and memory-enhancing properties.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C100H151N27O29
Molecular Weight	2195.43
Exact Mass	2195.12
CAS #	915091-83-7
PubChem CID	171361015
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
LogP	-12.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	32
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	33
Rotatable Bond Count	70
Heavy Atom Count	156
Complexity	4830
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	21
SMILES	C(C1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC([C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(=O)N)=O)CC1C=CC=CC=1)CC1C=CC(=CC=1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)CCCNC(N)=N
InChi Key	DVWFJYCUBDIIKK-NXKBXAHMSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C100H151N27O29/c1-10-50(6)79(124-91(147)69(45-74(106)133)119-85(141)63(34-35-75(134)135)112-83(139)59(103)43-72(104)131)95(151)126-81(53(9)129)97(153)123-78(49(4)5)98(154)127-39-21-29-71(127)93(149)120-70(46-76(136)137)92(148)125-80(52(8)128)96(152)114-62(27-17-19-37-102)86(142)122-77(48(2)3)94(150)121-68(44-73(105)132)90(146)118-66(40-54-22-12-11-13-23-54)88(144)117-65(41-55-30-32-57(130)33-31-55)87(143)111-51(7)82(138)116-67(42-56-47-110-60-25-15-14-24-58(56)60)89(145)113-61(26-16-18-36-101)84(140)115-64(99(155)156)28-20-38-109-100(107)108/h11-15,22-25,30-33,47-53,59,61-71,77-81,110,128-130H,10,16-21,26-29,34-46,101-103H2,1-9H3,(H2,104,131)(H2,105,132)(H2,106,133)(H,111,143)(H,112,139)(H,113,145)(H,114,152)(H,115,140)(H,116,138)(H,117,144)(H,118,146)(H,119,141)(H,120,149)(H,121,150)(H,122,142)(H,123,153)(H,124,147)(H,125,148)(H,126,151)(H,134,135)(H,136,137)(H,155,156)(H4,107,108,109)/t50-,51-,52+,53+,59-,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71-,77-,78-,79-,80-,81-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(4S)-5-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(1S)-4-carbamimidamido-1-carboxybutyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-2,4-diamino-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Epobis (0-8.82 μM) exhibits a dose-dependent effect on neurite outgrowth from motor neurons, reaching its peak stimulation at 0.33 μM[1]. Epobis (0-8.82 μM; 24 h) enhances L929 cell survival and decreases TNF release[1].
ln Vivo	The blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be crossed by epobis (10 mg/kg; ih; Wistar rats)[1]. Epobis (10 mg/kg; ih) reduces inflammation in multiple sclerosis model mice [1]. Social memory is improved by epobis (10 mg/kg; ih; older (>18 month) rats and in rats with early-stage AD[1].
Cell Assay	Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Types: L929 cells Tested Concentrations: 0-8.82 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Had a Dramatically higher viability of 64% in a concentration of 8.4 μM, whereas the highest viability (68%) in a concentration of 2.7 μM.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Wistar rats (200 g)[1] Doses: 10 mg/kg Route of Administration: subcutaneous (sc)injection; once Experimental Results: Had detectable already 15 min after administration and remained detectable in the blood for at least 24 h. Animal/Disease Models: Wistar rats with multiple sclerosis model (200 g)[1] Doses: 10 mg/kg Route of Administration: subcutaneous (sc)injection; once Experimental Results: Had no significant effects on the weight changes or the survival of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animals. Animal/Disease Models: Old (> 18 month) rats and in rats experiencing early stage AD[1] Doses: 10 mg/kg Route of Administration: subcutaneous (sc)injection; once Experimental Results: Had Dramatically lower than that of vehicle-treated animals.
References	[1]. Epobis is a Nonerythropoietic and Neuroprotective Agonist of the Erythropoietin Receptor with Anti-Inflammatory and Memory Enhancing Effects. Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:1346390.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.4555 mL	2.2775 mL	4.5549 mL
	5 mM	0.0911 mL	0.4555 mL	0.9110 mL
	10 mM	0.0455 mL	0.2277 mL	0.4555 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.