Elpamotide is an epitope peptide developed from VEGFR2. Elpamotide induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to kill VEGFR2-expressing endothelial cells. Elpamotide has potential immunostimulatory and anti-tumor effects. Elpamotide may be utilized in the research into cancer, like pancreatic cancer.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Weight	1073.20574951172
Exact Mass	1072.577
CAS #	673478-49-4
PubChem CID	25210976
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Density	1.5±0.1 g/cm3
Index of Refraction	1.661
LogP	-0.97
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	15
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	16
Rotatable Bond Count	33
Heavy Atom Count	76
Complexity	2090
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	9
SMILES	O=C([C@H](C(C)C)NC([C@H](CC1C=CC=CC=1)NC([C@H](CCC/N=C(\N)/N)N)=O)=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(N[C@H](C(NCC(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)CCC/N=C(\N)/N)=O)=O)=O)CC(=O)O)=O
InChi Key	ZAJHBCDPAUKEPU-GIKXZWSFSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C47H76N16O13/c1-5-25(4)37(45(75)76)62-40(70)28(15-10-18-55-47(52)53)58-41(71)30(21-33(49)64)57-34(65)23-56-39(69)31(22-35(66)67)60-43(73)32-16-11-19-63(32)44(74)36(24(2)3)61-42(72)29(20-26-12-7-6-8-13-26)59-38(68)27(48)14-9-17-54-46(50)51/h6-8,12-13,24-25,27-32,36-37H,5,9-11,14-23,48H2,1-4H3,(H2,49,64)(H,56,69)(H,57,65)(H,58,71)(H,59,68)(H,60,73)(H,61,72)(H,62,70)(H,66,67)(H,75,76)(H4,50,51,54)(H4,52,53,55)/t25-,27-,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-,36-,37-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), elapamotide exhibits strong and targeted cytotoxicity (4-hour 51Cr release assay) [1].
References	[1]. Randomized phase II/III clinical trial of elpamotide for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: PEGASUS-PC Study. Cancer Sci. 2015 Jul;106(7):883-90. [2]. Rationale for antiangiogenic cancer therapy with vaccination using epitope peptides derived from human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Cancer Res. 2005 Jun 1;65(11):4939-46.
Additional Infomation	Elpamotide is an oligopeptide. VEGFR2-169 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00655785 (Antiangiogenic Peptide Vaccine Therapy With Gemcitabine in Treating Patient With Pancreatic Cancer (Phase1/2)). Elpamotide is a peptide vaccine containing an HLA-A*2402-restricted epitope of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2 with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, VEGFR2-169 peptide vaccine may stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against VEGFR2-expressing tumor cells. VEGFR2, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed by a variety of tumor types; overexpression is associated with tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. HLA-A*2402 is an MHC class I molecule that presents antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells; epitope design restricted to epitopes that bind most efficiently to HLA-A*2402 may improve antigenic peptide immunogenicity.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.9318 mL	4.6589 mL	9.3178 mL
	5 mM	0.1864 mL	0.9318 mL	1.8636 mL
	10 mM	0.0932 mL	0.4659 mL	0.9318 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.