EGCG-4″-sulfate is a major polyphenol in green tea that can inhibit cell growth/proliferation and causes apoptosis. EGCG-4″-sulfate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/ 2) activity. EGCG-4″-sulfate has effective anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti~inflammatory properties against a variety of cancers including colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid cancer [2].

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Weight	538.434926509857
Exact Mass	538.041
CAS #	2708237-76-5
PubChem CID	164886630
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
LogP	1.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	8
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	14
Rotatable Bond Count	6
Heavy Atom Count	37
Complexity	886
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	2
SMILES	S(=O)(=O)(O)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1O)C(=O)O[C@@H]1CC2C(=CC(=CC=2O[C@@H]1C1C=C(C(=C(C=1)O)O)O)O)O)O
InChi Key	LXQMSJHFJDIKAS-UYAOXDASSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C22H18O14S/c23-10-5-12(24)11-7-18(20(34-17(11)6-10)8-1-13(25)19(29)14(26)2-8)35-22(30)9-3-15(27)21(16(28)4-9)36-37(31,32)33/h1-6,18,20,23-29H,7H2,(H,31,32,33)/t18-,20-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	[(2R,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] 3,5-dihydroxy-4-sulfooxybenzoate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	The proliferation of WRO and FB-2 cells is inhibited by EGCG-4-sulfate (10–60 μM) in a dose-dependent manner [1]. EGCG-4″-sulfate (10–60 μM, 0–24 hours) enhances the expression of p21 and p53 and decreases the phosphorylation of cyclin D1, AKT, and ERK1/2 [1]. EGCG-4″-sulfate (10–60 μM, 12 hours) inhibits migration and motility of cells [1]. Cell motility and migration are reduced by EGCG-4-sulfate (0–20 μM, or 0–20 minutes) in a concentration–and time–dependent manner. IDH1 and GLUD1/2 activity are inhibited by sexual mode (biochemical assay) [2]. EGCG-4-sulfate (0-35 μg/mL, 24-72 h) promotes cell apoptosis, reduces G0/G1 phase cell division, and suppresses the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells (LoVo, SW480, HT-29, and HCT-8 cells)[3]. In osteoblasts, LPS-induced COX-2 and mPGES-1 mRNA expression as well as prostaglandin E2 synthesis can be inhibited by EGCG-4-sulfate (30 μM, 3–24 hours)[4].
ln Vivo	EGCG-4″-sulfate (intragastric injection, 5-20 mg/kg, once day for 14 days, orthotopic transplantation model) can inhibit tumor growth [3]. EGCG-4″-sulfate (injected into tiny Rat lower gingiva, single dose 0.5 mg/mouse, experimental periodontitis model) can reduce LPS-induced bone mineral density (BMD) loss [3].
Cell Assay	Cell proliferation assay[1] Cell Types: FB-2 and WRO cells (serum starved for 48 hrs (hours)) Tested Concentrations: 10, 40, 60 μM. Incubation Duration: 4 days Experimental Results: Inhibition of basal cell proliferation at 10 μM (40% in FB-2, 35% in WRO) and cell number (68% to 73%) at 40 and 60 μM. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: FB-2 Cell Tested Concentrations: 10, 40, 60 μM. Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: diminished cyclin D1 levels, AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Induces the expression of p21 and p53, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and α5-integrin. Cell migration assay[1] Cell Types: FB-2 and WRO cells (serum starved for 48 hrs (hours)) Tested Concentrations: 10, 40, 60 μM. Incubation Duration: 12 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: diminished migration activity of FB-2 and WRO cells. RT-PCR[4] Cell Types: Mouse primary osteoblasts (1 ng/ml LPS treatment) Tested Concentrations: 30 μM Incubation Duration: 3, 6, 12, 24 h Experimental Results: Inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 and mPGES Expression of -1 mRNA, prostaglandin E2 production.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Orthotopic transplantation of BALB/c nude mouse model [3] Doses: 5, 10, 20mg/kg, one time/day for 14 days. Mode of Route of Administration: intragastric (po) (po)administration. Experimental Results: Tumor growth was inhibited and there was no liver or lung metastasis. Animal/Disease Models: Experimental periodontitis model, LPS (25 μg/mouse) [4] Doses: 0.5 mg/mouse, single dose. Route of Administration: Injected into the lower gums of mice. Experimental Results: Inhibited LPS-induced bone mineral density (BMD) loss in mice.
References	[1]. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits growth and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in human thyroid carcinoma cell lines. J Cell Physiol. 2013 Apr 1. [2]. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-mutated cancers are sensitive to the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Cancer Metab. 2019 May 20;7:4. [3]. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by regulating Notch signaling. Onco Targets Ther. 2013;6:145-53. [4]. Tsukasa Tominari, et al; Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory bone resorption, and protects against alveolar bone loss in mice. FEBS Open Bio. 2015 Jun 12;5:522-7.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.8573 mL	9.2863 mL	18.5725 mL
	5 mM	0.3715 mL	1.8573 mL	3.7145 mL
	10 mM	0.1857 mL	0.9286 mL	1.8573 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.