E1231 is an orally bioactive activator of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) (EC50=0.83 μM) that regulates cholesterol and lipid metabolism. E1231 interacts with SIRT1 and deacetylated liver X receptor-alpha (LXRα) and increases the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). E1231 also reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation in the ApoE-/- mouse model. E1231 may be utilized to study diseases related to cholesterol and lipid disorders.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C21H21N3O3
Molecular Weight	363.42
Exact Mass	363.158
CAS #	1031195-19-3
PubChem CID	24980435
Appearance	Off-white to light brown solid powder
Density	1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	605.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point	320.2±31.5 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.626
LogP	1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	27
Complexity	561
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	ZQJTYRXKAZFWPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C21H21N3O3/c1-14-7-8-20(27-14)19-13-17(16-5-3-4-6-18(16)22-19)21(26)24-11-9-23(10-12-24)15(2)25/h3-8,13H,9-12H2,1-2H3
Chemical Name	1-[4-[2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)quinoline-4-carbonyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone
Synonyms	E1231; E 1231; E-1231
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In RAW 264.7 cells, E1231 (0.1–10 μM; 18 hours) inhibits accumulation and encourages reflux [1]. In HepG2 cells, E1231 (10 μM; 6 hours) dramatically boosts Doxo-induced p53 dephospholipidation [1]. 1.].
ln Vivo	E1231 (40 mg/kg; once daily for 7 days) reduces the amount of food that golden hamsters on a high-fat diet consume on trays [1]. E1231 (once daily for 12 weeks at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg in 0.5% CMC-Na; Manhattan) decreases the formation of atherosclerotic tumors in ApoE-/- mice without causing hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity.
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: HFD diet golden hamster (80-90 g) [1] Doses: 40 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral; one time/day for 7 days Experimental Results: SIRT1 protein expression increased, but not SIRT3, SIRT6 or SIRT7. and lowered liver and serum cholesterol in hamsters. Animal/Disease Models: Atherosclerotic dietary ApoE-/- mice [1] Doses: 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral; one time/day for 12 weeks Experimental Results: Modulation of plaque composition, immunofluorescence staining . And diminished the CD68-positive area in the aortic sinus while increasing ABCA1 expression.
References	[1]. SIRT1 activator E1231 protects from experimental atherosclerosis and lowers plasma cholesterol and triglycerides by enhancing ABCA1 expression. Atherosclerosis. 2018 Jul;274:172-181.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~275.17 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.7516 mL	13.7582 mL	27.5164 mL
	5 mM	0.5503 mL	2.7516 mL	5.5033 mL
	10 mM	0.2752 mL	1.3758 mL	2.7516 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.