Droxicam (Droxicamum) is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for relieving pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C16H11N3O5S |
| Molecular Weight | 357.34 |
| Exact Mass | 357.041 |
| CAS # | 90101-16-9 |
| PubChem CID | 65679 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| Density | 1.7±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Boiling Point | 554.7±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 259-261° |
| Flash Point | 289.3±32.9 °C |
| Vapour Pressure | 0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C |
| Index of Refraction | 1.748 |
| LogP | 1.11 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 7 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 1 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 25 |
| Complexity | 741 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| SMILES | O=C(N1C2=NC=CC=C2)OC(C3=CC=CC=C34)=C(N(C)S4(=O)=O)C1=O |
| InChi Key | OEHFRZLKGRKFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C16H11N3O5S/c1-18-13-14(10-6-2-3-7-11(10)25(18,22)23)24-16(21)19(15(13)20)12-8-4-5-9-17-12/h2-9H,1H3 |
| Chemical Name | 5-methyl-6,6-dioxo-3-pyridin-2-yl-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4-dione |
| Synonyms | Droxicamum Droxicam |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vivo | In edema caused by carrageenan, droxicam (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg; interface) shows strong anti-inflammatory effect [1]. When it comes to modelin-induced edema in tumors, doxicam (ED50, po; 5, 6, 7, 8 h; 7.5, 12.9, 4.8, 8.4 mg/kg) has strong anti-inflammatory efficacy [1]. Mycobacterium butyricum had good antiarthritic activity in scaffolds against initial and secondary reactions when Droxicam (ED50, oral, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours: 0.51, 0.94, 1.56, 4.88 mg/kg) was injected. Styrylquinone sensor, microphone cholinergic sensor Droxicam (ED50=0.081 mg/kg; po) Protective pathway kinase, ED50 are 5.3 mg/kg and 1.1 mg/kg, respectively[1]. Peritoneal capillary permeability[1] caused the mice to writhe, and Droxicam demonstrated the greatest analgesic activity in preventing this behavior. In the Irwin test, mice's behavior at 80 mg/kg, ip, and 160 mg/kg, po, is not affected by dronicam [1]. In anesthetized cats, droxicam does not cause uric acid excretion in the channel activity, nor does it affect the cats' responses to histamine, nordepinephrine, or choline in the cardiovascular or respiratory systems [1]. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion Tmax of 7 h. Bioavailability equivalent to [DB00554] which is thought to be completely absorbed in humans based on data from rabbits. Data not available for prodrug. See [DB00554] for information on the active compound. Data not available for prodrug. See [DB00554] for information on the active compound. Data not available for prodrug. See [DB00554] for information on the active compound. Metabolism / Metabolites Converted to [DB00554] via ester hydrolysis. Biological Half-Life Data not available for prodrug. See [DB00554] for information on the active compound. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Protein Binding Data not available for prodrug. See [DB00554] for information on the active compound. |
| References |
[1]. Farré AJ, et al. Pharmacological properties of droxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1986 Jul;8(7):407-22. [2]. Jané F, et al. Droxicam: a pharmacological and clinical review of a new NSAID. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm. 1991;11(4):3-9. |
| Additional Infomation |
Droxicam is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It has a role as a prodrug, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor, a non-narcotic analgesic, a platelet aggregation inhibitor and a hepatotoxic agent. It is a member of pyridines and an organic heterotricyclic compound. It is functionally related to a piroxicam. Droxicam is an oxicam non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a prodrug of [DB00554]. It is used to reduce pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Drug Indication Droxicam is an NSAID previously used for the treatment of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Mechanism of Action Droxicam is converted to [DB00554] via hydrolysis of the ester group in the intestine. Droxicam administration inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase enzymes. Pharmacodynamics Droxicam is a prodrug of [DB00554]. Droxicam administration produces anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, analgesic, and antipyretic effects similar to [DB00554]. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7985 mL | 13.9923 mL | 27.9846 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5597 mL | 2.7985 mL | 5.5969 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2798 mL | 1.3992 mL | 2.7985 mL |