Diphyllin, an arylnaphthalene lignan extracted from Justicia procumbens, is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor (antagonist) with IC50 of 0.38 μM. Diphyllin also has activity against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and influenza viruses. Diphyllin is an inhibitor (blocker/antagonist) of V-ATPase with IC50 of 17 nM and can inhibit lysosomal acidification in human osteoclasts. Diphyllin inhibits NO production with IC50 of 50 μM and has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C21H16O7
Molecular Weight	380.35
Exact Mass	380.09
CAS #	22055-22-7
PubChem CID	100492
Appearance	Off-white to gray solid powder
Density	1.445g/cm3
Boiling Point	638.8ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	290 ºC (methanol )
Flash Point	232.4ºC
Vapour Pressure	6.53E-17mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.679
LogP	3.628
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	28
Complexity	597
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	VMEJANRODATDOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C21H16O7/c1-24-15-6-11-12(7-16(15)25-2)20(22)13-8-26-21(23)19(13)18(11)10-3-4-14-17(5-10)28-9-27-14/h3-7,22H,8-9H2,1-2H3
Chemical Name	9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-3H-benzo[f][2]benzofuran-1-one
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	HIV-1 0.38 μM (IC50) Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Vacuolar type H+-ATPase 17 nM (IC50)
References	[1]. Anti-HIV Lignans From Justicia Procumbens. Chin J Nat Med. 2019 Dec;17(12):945-952. [2]. Diphyllin, a Novel and Naturally Potent V-ATPase Inhibitor, Abrogates Acidification of the Osteoclastic Resorption Lacunae and Bone Resorption. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Oct;22(10):1640-8. [3]. Anti-inflammatory Activities of Constituents Isolated From Phyllanthus Polyphyllus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Jan 16;103(2):181-6.
Additional Infomation	Diphyllin is a lignan. Diphyllin has been reported in Phyllanthus oligospermus, Cleistanthus collinus, and other organisms with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : 14.29 mg/mL (37.57 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (3.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 14.3 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (3.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 14.3 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.6292 mL	13.1458 mL	26.2916 mL
	5 mM	0.5258 mL	2.6292 mL	5.2583 mL
	10 mM	0.2629 mL	1.3146 mL	2.6292 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.