 Chemical Structure.png)
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C55H89CLN2O4 |
| Molecular Weight | 877.7592 |
| Exact Mass | 876.651 |
| CAS # | 84109-11-5 |
| PubChem CID | 90476155 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| LogP | 17.501 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 5 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 32 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 62 |
| Complexity | 1150 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| SMILES | Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)[O-].[N+]1(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C=1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] |
| InChi Key | HBTWOEFPWHHORE-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C55H89N2.ClHO4/c1-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-31-37-46-56-50-42-35-33-40-48(50)54(3,4)52(56)44-39-45-53-55(5,6)49-41-34-36-43-51(49)57(53)47-38-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-2;2-1(3,4)5/h33-36,39-45H,7-32,37-38,46-47H2,1-6H3;(H,2,3,4,5)/q+1;/p-1 |
| Chemical Name | (2Z)-1-hexadecyl-2-[(E)-3-(1-hexadecyl-3,3-dimethylindol-1-ium-2-yl)prop-2-enylidene]-3,3-dimethylindole;perchlorate |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | In order to mark cells, organelles, alkaline bodies, viruses, and lipoproteins, carbocyanine dyes are frequently utilized as lipophilic tracers. Along with the dialkyl styrene dye DiA (4-Di-16-ASP), long-chain carbocyanines are DiO (DiOC18(3)), DiI (DiIC18(3)), DiD (DiIC18(5)), and DiR. as a marker for focused structures such as membranes. Compared to DiI (C18), the alkyl substituent (C16) of DiIC16(3) is shorter. They exhibit environment-dependent fluorescence, excitation-activated state consumption in lipids, and extraordinarily large extinction losses. While they are highly luminous and somewhat photostable when attached to membranes or lipophilic biomolecules, they are only moderately fluorescent in water. For staining cell plasma membranes, their optical characteristics are perfect. Following the assay, these dyes diffuse locally within the plasma membrane, coloring every cell on the sample. Differential fluorescence of green, orange, red, and red is exhibited by DiO, DiI, DiD, and DiR, respectively. This allows for multicolor imaging and flow cytometric study of living cells. It is possible to employ DiO and DiI in the conventional FITC and TRITC fluorescence channels, respectively. Since they often show extremely low cytotoxicity, DiI and its models are the most widely employed among them. To assess protein lipids like LDL and HDL, DiI is frequently utilized. Furthermore, neuronal tracing frequently makes use of the lipophilic dye DiA. The preparation of the di staining solution (step 1) involves making a stock solution of 1–5 mM dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl ether (DMSO or ethanol DMSO). For Di, DMF is a better solvent than ethanol. Stock solutions ought to be used right away. An aliquot of any leftover solution can be kept cold, at -20°C. The solution can be kept for up to six months if it is not repeatedly frozen and thawed. 1.2 Prepare working solution: To create an immediate use 1–5 μM working solution, mix the stock solution with the required amount of buffer (e.g., serum-free medium, HBS, or PBS). It should be determined empirically what the working solution's final concentration is under various experimental settings. 2. Suspension cells 2.1: Centrifuge the cells to collect them, then add PBS and wash twice for five minutes each time. Add 1 milliliter of Di working solution and apply gradient for five to thirty minutes once the cell density reaches 1×106/mL 2.2. 2.3 Centrifuge 400 g at 4°C for 3–4 minutes, then discard. 2.4 Wash the cells twice, for five minutes each time, with PBS added. 2.5 Use a flow cytometer or fluorescence microscope to monitor the cells after resuspending them in 1 milliliter of serum-free or PBS. 3. Cells exhibiting adhesion 3.1 Take off the coverslip from the culture media and eliminate any surplus solution. 3.3 Pour in 100 μL of the dye working solution, give the cells a good shake to fully coat them, and leave them for five to thirty minutes. 3.4 Take off the dye working solution, wash the cells two or three times with aspiration for five minutes each time, and use a flow cytometer or fluorescence microscope to view. |
| References |
[1]. Multicolor "DiOlistic" labeling of the nervous system using lipophilic dye combinations. Neuron. 2000 Aug;27(2):219-25. [2]. Endocytic sorting of lipid analogues differing solely in the chemistry of their hydrophobic tails. J Cell Biol. 1999 Mar 22;144(6):1271-84. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1393 mL | 5.6963 mL | 11.3926 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2279 mL | 1.1393 mL | 2.2785 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1139 mL | 0.5696 mL | 1.1393 mL |