Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate, the salt form of Dexamethasone administered through i.v. injection, is a potent synthetic glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs, and an interleukin receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. Dexamethasone has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects. It is 25-fold more potent than cortisol in its glucocorticoid effect, while having minimal mineralocorticoid effect. Dexamethasone is used for the treatment of many conditions including: rheumatologic problems, a number of skin diseases such as erythema multiforme, severe allergies, asthma.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C22H30FO8P.2NA
Molecular Weight	516.4
Exact Mass	516.13
CAS #	55203-24-2
Related CAS #	55203-24-2
PubChem CID	16961
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
LogP	2.889
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	9
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	34
Complexity	962
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	8
SMILES	O=C1C=C2CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(COP([O-])([O-])=O)=O)(O)[C@@]4(C)C[C@H](O)[C@]3(F)[C@@]2(C)C=C1.[Na+].[Na+]
InChi Key	PLCQGRYPOISRTQ-FCJDYXGNSA-L
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C22H30FO8P.2Na/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(24)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(25)10-20(16,3)22(12,27)18(26)11-31-32(28,29)30;;/h6-7,9,12,15-17,25,27H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3,(H2,28,29,30);;/q;2*+1/p-2/t12-,15+,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+,22+;;/m1../s1
Chemical Name	disodium;[2-[(8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16R,17R)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] phosphate
Synonyms	Dexamethasone sodium phosphate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In vitro activity: Dexamethasone inhibits COX-2 mRNA expression induced by IL-1 in human articular chondrocytes. Dexamethasone suppresses the cyclooxygenase-2 induction by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) with an IC50 of 1 nM in MC3T3-E1 cells. Dexamethasone binds to the glucocorticoid receptor and then to the glucocorticoid response element. Dexamethasone (10 μM) induces osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cell cultures with elevated mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. Dexamethasone (5 μM) treatment decreases proliferation of adult hippocampal neural progenitor cells and SRE-driven gene expression.
ln Vivo	Dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) reduces the number of the BrdU-labeled hepatocytes by 80% in male Fischer F344 rats. Dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) pretreatment suppresses the expression of both TNF and IL-6 after partial hepatectomy and significantly reduces the proliferative response of the hepatocytes in male Fischer F344 rats. Dexamethasone also severely diminishes the induction and expansion of oval cells induced by the 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy (AAF/PH) protocol but does not have any effect on the proliferation of the bile duct cells stimulated by bile duct ligation. Dexamethasone (100 μg/kg) produces a significant decrease 59.2% of BrdU(+) hippocampal progenitor cells in Sprague–Dawley rats. Dexamethasone (100 μg/kg) decreases ERK activation in granule cell layer in Sprague–Dawley rats.
Animal Protocol	Dissolved in saline; 100 μg/kg; i.p. injection Sprague-Dawley rats
References	Neurosci Lett.2003 Jun 26;344(2):112-6;J Physiol.2003 Feb 15;547(Pt 1):61-6.
Additional Infomation	Dexamethasone sodium phosphate is an organic sodium salt which is the disodium salt of dexamethasone phosphate. It has a role as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It contains a dexamethasone phosphate(2-). Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate is a sodium phosphate salt form of Dexamethasone, a synthetic adrenal corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to binding to specific nuclear steroid receptors, dexamethasone also interferes with NF-kB activation and apoptotic pathways. This agent lacks the salt-retaining properties of other related adrenal hormones. (NCI04) See also: Dexamethasone (broader); Dexamethasone sodium phosphate; neomycin sulfate (component of) ... View More ...

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	DMSO:<1 mg/mL Water:103 mg/mL (199.45 mM) Ethanol:<1 mg/mL
Solubility (In Vivo)	Saline: 30mg/kg  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.9365 mL	9.6824 mL	19.3648 mL
	5 mM	0.3873 mL	1.9365 mL	3.8730 mL
	10 mM	0.1936 mL	0.9682 mL	1.9365 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.