Desethyl chloroquine is a primary N-deethylated (removal of an ethyl group) metabolite of Chloroquine by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4, inhibiings the growth of the P. falciparum strain LA136 in vitro. Chloroquine diphosphate is an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Desethyl chloroquine possesses antiplasmodic activity.
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C₁₆H₂₂CLN₃ |
| Molecular Weight | 291.81898 |
| Exact Mass | 291.15 |
| CAS # | 1476-52-4 |
| Related CAS # | Desethyl chloroquine diphosphate;247912-76-1;Desethyl chloroquine-d4;1189971-72-9;Desethyl chloroquine-d5;1261392-69-1 |
| PubChem CID | 95478 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| Density | 1.138g/cm3 |
| Boiling Point | 451.7ºC at 760mmHg |
| Melting Point | 94-97?C |
| Flash Point | 227ºC |
| Vapour Pressure | 2.38E-08mmHg at 25°C |
| Index of Refraction | 1.602 |
| LogP | 4.542 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 7 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 20 |
| Complexity | 274 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| SMILES | CCNCCCC(NC1C=CN=C2C=C(C=CC=12)Cl)C |
| InChi Key | MCYUUUTUAAGOOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C16H22ClN3/c1-3-18-9-4-5-12(2)20-15-8-10-19-16-11-13(17)6-7-14(15)16/h6-8,10-12,18H,3-5,9H2,1-2H3,(H,19,20) |
| Chemical Name | 1,4-Pentanediamine, N4-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1-ethyl- |
| Synonyms | N-Desethylchloroquine, NSC 13254NSC13254NSC-13254 |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | Plasmodium falciparum[1] |
| ln Vivo | Chloroquine was intraperitoneally injected into wild-type and Huntington's disease (Q175/Q175)-infected mice. The amounts of chloroquine and its metabolites in the blood, brain, and muscle tissue were compared using LC-MS/MS. Four to twenty-four hours following the last dosage, brain tissue has lower (5–15M) but more stable chloroquine concentrations than blood or muscle. Within 24 hours following injection, levels of the active chloroquine metabolite desethylchloroquine dropped in muscle and blood, while within the same period, levels in the brain were both slightly elevated and lowered [3]. |
| References |
[1]. Ajayi FO, et al. Comparison of the partitioning in vitro of chloroquine and its desethyl metabolites between the erythrocytes and plasma of healthy subjects and those with falciparum malaria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1989 Jun;18(2):95-100. [2]. Said A, et al. Chloroquine promotes IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells via p38-dependent IL-23 release by monocyte-derived Langerhans-like cells. J Immunol. 2014 Dec 15;193(12):6135-43. [3]. Vodicka P, et al. Assessment of chloroquine treatment for modulating autophagy flux in brain of WT and HD mice. J Huntingtons Dis. 2014;3(2):159-74. |
| Additional Infomation | Desethylchloroquine is an aminoquinoline. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4268 mL | 17.1338 mL | 34.2677 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6854 mL | 3.4268 mL | 6.8535 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3427 mL | 1.7134 mL | 3.4268 mL |