Physicochemical Properties
| CAS # | 2195411-63-1 |
| Appearance | Typically exists as solid at room temperature |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | PPARγ |
| ln Vitro | DSO-5a (50 nM; 60min) causes a robust calcium response (pEC50 value of 7.964) and IP-1 buildup in hBB3-HEK cells (pEC50 value of 8.485)[1]. DSO-5a (500 nM; 60min) causes a robust calcium response (pEC50 value of 7.174) and IP-1 buildup in mBB3-HEK cells (pEC50 value of 7.262). In hBB3-H1299 and mBB3-HEK cells, DSO-5a (0-100 nM; 8min) activates ERK1/2 in a dose-dependent manner [1]. |
| ln Vivo | In a dose-dependent manner, DSO-5a (3-30 mg/kg; PO; 30 minutes) decreases blood glucose excursions in C57BL/6 mice [1]. In diabetic db/db mice, DSO-5a (10 mg/kg/day; PO; 2-4 weeks) can lower blood glucose levels [1]. |
| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: hBB3-H1299 cells Tested Concentrations: 0, 1,10,100 nM Incubation Duration: 8 min Experimental Results: Caused a dose-dependent activation of ERK1/2 in hBB3-H1299 cells, which was completely blocked by Bantag-1. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: C57BL/6 mice[1] Doses: 3 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral administration;30 min before glucose challenge (3 g/kg) Experimental Results: demonstrated that the change rates of AUC at 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg were 5.03, 16.42 and 28.30%, respectively. In BB3 knockout mice, DSO-5a failed to inhibit blood glucose drift. Animal/Disease Models: Diabetic db/db mice[1] Doses: 10 mg/kg/day Route of Administration: Oral administration; 2-4 weeks Experimental Results: After two weeks of treatment, the blood glucose excursion of db/db mice was Dramatically diminished . After four weeks, fasting blood glucose levels, glycosylated serum protein (GSP), and HOMA-IR were Dramatically diminished in the DSO-5a treatment group. Increased the protein expression of PPAR-gamma in white adipose tissue of db/db mice. |
| References |
[1]. Discovery of Dimethyl Shikonin Oxime 5a, a Potent, Selective Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3 Agonist for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Chem. 2023 Jun 22;66(12):8011-8029. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |