DCVC is a metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE) with anti-inflammatory activity. It can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C5H7NO2SCL2
Molecular Weight	216.08558
Exact Mass	214.957
CAS #	13419-46-0
PubChem CID	6433207
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.544g/cm3
Boiling Point	339.7ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point	159.2ºC
Vapour Pressure	1.66E-05mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.6
LogP	2.108
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	4
Heavy Atom Count	11
Complexity	174
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	1
SMILES	C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)S/C(=C/Cl)/Cl
InChi Key	PJIHCWJOTSJIPQ-AGFFZDDWSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C5H7Cl2NO2S/c6-1-4(7)11-2-3(8)5(9)10/h1,3H,2,8H2,(H,9,10)/b4-1+/t3-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2R)-2-amino-3-[(Z)-1,2-dichloroethenyl]sulfanylpropanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	The trichlorethylene (TCE) metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-was used to treat placental adventitia, either in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). To mimic infection, cysteine (DCVC) was incubated in combination for 4, 8, and 24 hours. Furthermore, membranes were cocultured with group B Streptococcus (GBS) and DCVC. As early as 4 hours, DCVC (5-50μM) significantly inhibited the release of LTA, LPS, and GBS-stimulated cytokines in tissue culture. A concentration-dependent manner is observed in DCVC's inhibition of pathogen-stimulated cytokine (IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α) release [1].
References	[1]. The trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine but not trichloroacetate inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extraplacental membranes in vitro. Reprod Toxicol. 2015 Apr;52:1-6. [2]. Multigenerational study of chemically induced cytotoxicity and proliferation in cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Nov 18;15(11):21348-65.
Additional Infomation	S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine is an L-alpha-amino acid that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a 1,2-dichlorovinyl group. It is an organochlorine compound, a monocarboxylic acid, a L-cysteine thioether and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~2.5 mg/mL (~11.57 mM) H2O : ~1.034 mg/mL (~4.79 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.6277 mL	23.1385 mL	46.2770 mL
	5 mM	0.9255 mL	4.6277 mL	9.2554 mL
	10 mM	0.4628 mL	2.3139 mL	4.6277 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.