DA-JC4 is a dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist (activator) that may be utilized to study neurological diseases and insulin signaling pathways.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C225H346N56O65
Molecular Weight	4875.49
CAS #	2315504-40-4
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	GLP-1/GIP[1]
ln Vitro	Hippocampal cells treated with DA-JC4 (1~100 nM) show a significant suppression of Cyt C, Bax, and Caspase activation as well as an inhibition of rotenone-induced hippocampal neuron death[3].
ln Vivo	DA-JC4 (10 nmol/kg; ip; once-daily for 14 days) significantly prevents spatial learning deficits in a Y-maze test and Morris water maze tests, and decreases phosphorylated tau levels in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus[1]. DA-JC4 (25 nmol/kg; ip; 6 days) shows high levels expression of tyrosine Hydroxylase in the s. nigra and increases expression of neuroprotective growth factor Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF)[2]. DA-JC4 ( 50 nmol/kg; ip; once-daily for 7 days) improves Parkinson's disease symptoms potentially and enhances neurotransmission[3].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats (210–230 g) Doses: 10 nmol/kg Route of Administration: Ip Experimental Results: Dramatically prevented spatial learning deficits in a Y-maze test and Morris water maze tests, and diminished phosphorylated tau levels in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Animal/Disease Models: Adult male C57BL/6 mice (8 week-old) Doses: 25 nmol /kg/day Route of Administration: Ip Experimental Results: demonstrated high levels expression of tyrosine Hydroxylase in the s. nigra and increased expression of neuroprotective growth factor Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF). Animal/Disease Models: Adult male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats ( 230-280 g) Doses: 50 nmol/kg Route of Administration: Ip Experimental Results: Improved Parkinson's disease symptoms potentially and enhanced neurotransmission.
References	[1]. A novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist alleviates cognitive decline by re-sensitizing insulin signaling in the Alzheimer icv. STZ rat model. Behav Brain Res. 2017;327:65-74. [2]. Two novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists are neuroprotective in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology. 2018;133:385-394. [3]. Neuroprotection of GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist via inhibition of mitochondrial stress by AKT/JNK pathway in a Parkinson's disease model. Life Sci. 2020;256:117824.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.2051 mL	1.0255 mL	2.0511 mL
	5 mM	0.0410 mL	0.2051 mL	0.4102 mL
	10 mM	0.0205 mL	0.1026 mL	0.2051 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.