D-Phenylalanine is the synthetic dextrorotary isomer of phenylalanine. D-Phenylalanine can inhibit the biofilm development of Pseudoalteromonas sp. SC2014.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C9H11NO2
Molecular Weight	165.19
Exact Mass	165.078
CAS #	673-06-3
Related CAS #	D-Phenylalanine-d5;362049-55-6;D-Phenylalanine-d8;1202064-02-5
PubChem CID	71567
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	307.5±30.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	273-276 °C(lit.)
Flash Point	139.8±24.6 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.576
LogP	1.11
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	12
Complexity	153
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	1
SMILES	C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@H](C(=O)O)N
InChi Key	COLNVLDHVKWLRT-MRVPVSSYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C9H11NO2/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6,10H2,(H,11,12)/t8-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(2R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Human Endogenous Metabolite
References	[1]. D-Phenylalanine inhibits biofilm development of a marine microbe, Pseudoalteromonas sp. SC2014. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2016 Sep;363(18).
Additional Infomation	D-phenylalanine appears as needles or prisms. (NTP, 1992) D-phenylalanine is the D-enantiomer of phenylalanine. It is a phenylalanine and a D-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a D-phenylalaninium. It is a conjugate acid of a D-phenylalaninate. It is an enantiomer of a L-phenylalanine. It is a tautomer of a D-phenylalanine zwitterion. D-Phenylalanine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-phenylalanine has been reported in Cyperus aromaticus, Daphnia pulex, and other organisms with data available. D-Phenylalanine is the synthetic dextro isomer of phenylalanine, an essential amino acid with anti-depressant and analgesic activities. D-Phenylalanine is converted into tyrosine and tyrosine in turn is converted into L-dopa, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, three key neurotransmitters. As a result this agent is associated with elevated levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which may alleviate symptoms of depression. In addition, as an inhibitor of enkephalinase, which metabolizes endorphins, D-phenylalanine may be used to treat chronic pain through blocking the break down of endorphins (natural pain killers).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O: 4.17 mg/mL (25.24 mM) DMSO: 1 mg/mL (6.05 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 2 mg/mL (12.11 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	6.0536 mL	30.2682 mL	60.5364 mL
	5 mM	1.2107 mL	6.0536 mL	12.1073 mL
	10 mM	0.6054 mL	3.0268 mL	6.0536 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.