D-(+)-Malic acid (D-Malic acid) is an active isomer of Malic acid and a competitive inhibitor of L(--)malic acid transport.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C4H6O5
Molecular Weight	134.0874
Exact Mass	134.021
CAS #	636-61-3
PubChem CID	92824
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.6±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	306.4±27.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	98-104ºC
Flash Point	153.4±20.2 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.529
LogP	-1.26
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	9
Complexity	129
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	1
SMILES	C([C@H](C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O
InChi Key	BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UWTATZPHSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m1/s1
Chemical Name	(2R)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Certain species of bacteria from the genera Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter produce D-(+)-malic acid (D-malic acid) from maleic acid in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer containing 0.1% sodium chloride when cells grown in media containing citraconic acid react aerobically with maleic acid [2].
References	[1]. Transport of L(-)malic acid and other dicarboxylic acids in the yeast Candida sphaerica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (1989) 31:551-555. [2]. D-malic acid production from maleic acid using microorganism: Screening of microorganism. Biotechnology Letters volume 15, 271–276(1993).
Additional Infomation	(R)-malic acid is an optically active form of malic acid having (R)-configuration. It is a conjugate acid of a (R)-malate(2-). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-malic acid. (R)-Malate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). D-malate has been reported in Vaccinium macrocarpon, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available. See also: Malic Acid (annotation moved to); Ammonium malate (annotation moved to).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~745.77 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	7.4577 mL	37.2884 mL	74.5768 mL
	5 mM	1.4915 mL	7.4577 mL	14.9154 mL
	10 mM	0.7458 mL	3.7288 mL	7.4577 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.