N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine (DiNAC) is a disulfide dimer of N-acetylcysteine with Immune-modulatory properties. N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine is a potent orally bioactive modulator of contact-sensitive/delayed-type hypersensitivity in rodents. N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine also has anti-atherosclerotic effects in rabbits with hyperlipidemia (WHHL).

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C10H16N2O6S2
Molecular Weight	324.37
Exact Mass	324.044
CAS #	5545-17-5
PubChem CID	6995101
Appearance	White to light brown solid powder
Density	1.5±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	715.5±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	55-72ºC
Flash Point	386.5±32.9 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±5.0 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.583
LogP	0.46
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	8
Rotatable Bond Count	9
Heavy Atom Count	20
Complexity	354
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	2
SMILES	CC(N[C@H](C(O)=O)CSSC[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(O)=O)=O
InChi Key	YTPQSLLEROSACP-YUMQZZPRSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C10H16N2O6S2/c1-5(13)11-7(9(15)16)3-19-20-4-8(10(17)18)12-6(2)14/h7-8H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,11,13)(H,12,14)(H,15,16)(H,17,18)/t7-,8-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2R)-2-acetamido-3-[[(2R)-2-acetamido-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid
Synonyms	D 7042; D-7193; D-7042
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vivo	N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine (DiNAC; 0-973.11 μg/kg; oral; daily; for 12 weeks; WHHL rabbits) treatment decreases plasma lipid levels without altering thoracic aortic atherosclerosis by 50% [1].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Male hereditary hyperlipidemia (WHHL) rabbit (10-22 weeks) [1] Doses: 0 μg/kg, 9.73 μg/kg or 973.11 μg/kg Route of Administration: po (po (oral gavage)) Routine; 12-week Experimental Results: 50% reduction in thoracic aortic atherosclerosis without affecting plasma lipid levels.
References	[1]. Wågberg M, et al. N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine (DiNAC), the disulphide dimer of N-acetylcysteine, inhibits atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits: evidence for immunomodulatory agents as a new approach to prevent atherosclerosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Oct;299(1) [2]. Särnstrand B, et al. N,N'-Diacetyl-L-cystine-the disulfide dimer of N-acetylcysteine-is a potent modulator of contact sensitivity/delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Mar;288(3):1174-84.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~385.36 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.0829 mL	15.4145 mL	30.8290 mL
	5 mM	0.6166 mL	3.0829 mL	6.1658 mL
	10 mM	0.3083 mL	1.5414 mL	3.0829 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.