Cresyl violet perchlorate is a red fluorescent stain that may be utilized to stain neurons.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C16H12N3O+
Molecular Weight	262.28598
Exact Mass	361.047
CAS #	41830-80-2
Related CAS #	Cresyl Violet acetate;10510-54-0
PubChem CID	148425
Appearance	Typically exists as solid at room temperature
Boiling Point	482.3ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point	331 - 333ºC
Flash Point	245.5ºC
Index of Refraction	1.758
LogP	3.984
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	0
Heavy Atom Count	25
Complexity	592
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	NC1=CC2=[O+]C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C(N)=C3)N=C2C=C1.O=Cl(=O)([O-])=O
InChi Key	HLHUTAPXZITNPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C16H11N3O.ClHO4/c17-9-5-6-13-14(7-9)20-15-8-12(18)10-3-1-2-4-11(10)16(15)19-13;2-1(3,4)5/h1-8,18H,17H2;(H,2,3,4,5)
Chemical Name	(9-aminobenzo[a]phenoxazin-5-ylidene)azanium;perchlorate
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In sections stained with PV and sections stained with cresyl violet perchlorate (CV), the estimated total number of SG neurons was 27,485±3251 and 26,705±1823, respectively. Between them, there is no discernible difference (p=0.552). For this reason, when calculating neuronal numbers, cresyl violet perchlorate labeling is more straightforward and economical. PV is a laborious technique that restricts its quantitative application even if it gives functional status and staining spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) with increased intensity. The probe was used to measure the overall RC volume, and the average RC volume in sections stained with PV immunostained and cresyl violet perchlorate was found to be 1.82±0.33 mm3 and 2.162±0.35 mm3, respectively. Nucleation probes were utilized to measure the neuronal volumes, resulting in neuronal volumes of 3487.63±951 μm3 in CV-stained sections and 3740.1±784 μm3 in PV-immunostained sections, respectively. The volume of neuronal nuclei was also estimated using the nucleator probe, and it was discovered that the neuronal nuclear volumes in sections that were PV-immunostained and CV-stained were 126.51±33 μm3 and 131.68±50 μm3, respectively [1].
References	[1]. Comparison of unbiased stereological estimation of total number of cresyl violet stained neurons and parvalbumin positive neurons in the adult human spiral ganglion. J Chem Neuroanat. 2017 Jun 23. pii: S0891-0618(17)30037-6.
Additional Infomation	Cresyl violet perchlorate is an organic perchlorate salt. It has a role as a fluorochrome. It contains a cresyl violet.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~691.10 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.8126 mL	19.0629 mL	38.1257 mL
	5 mM	0.7625 mL	3.8126 mL	7.6251 mL
	10 mM	0.3813 mL	1.9063 mL	3.8126 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.