Coumalic acid is a valuable platform compound that can be prepared from malic acid. Coumalic acid may be used in the flavoring, fragrance and cosmetic industries as a polymer component and as an active molecular scaffold with anti-bronchial and malarial activity.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C6H4O4
Molecular Weight	140.09
Exact Mass	140.01
CAS #	500-05-0
PubChem CID	68141
Appearance	Light yellow to brown solid powder
Density	1.5±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	282.4±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	203-205 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Flash Point	137.3±19.4 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.577
LogP	-0.43
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	10
Complexity	236
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	ORGPJDKNYMVLFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C6H4O4/c7-5-2-1-4(3-10-5)6(8)9/h1-3H,(H,8,9)
Chemical Name	6-oxopyran-3-carboxylic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	[1]. Flow synthesis of coumalic acid and its derivatization. Department of Chemistry. 2018, 3: 722-732.
Additional Infomation	Coumalic acid is a pyranone.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 250 mg/mL (1784.57 mM) H2O: 2 mg/mL (14.28 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.85 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	7.1383 mL	35.6913 mL	71.3827 mL
	5 mM	1.4277 mL	7.1383 mL	14.2765 mL
	10 mM	0.7138 mL	3.5691 mL	7.1383 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.