 Chemical Structure.png)
Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Weight | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 261.076 |
| CAS # | 9007-81-2 |
| Related CAS # | Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) |
| PubChem CID | 352938 |
| Appearance | Colorless to light yellow liquid |
| LogP | -2.1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 4 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 6 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 2 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 18 |
| Complexity | 426 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| InChi Key | STRZQWQNZQMHQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C9H12FN3O5/c10-3-1-13(9(17)12-7(3)11)8-6(16)5(15)4(2-14)18-8/h1,4-6,8,14-16H,2H2,(H2,11,12,17) |
| Chemical Name | 4-amino-1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-one |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| ln Vitro | Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is a potent inducer of Th1-type immune responses that includes a range of microbial TLR ligands, including TLR 2, 4, and 9 [1]. |
| ln Vivo | By using animal modeling, it is possible to create a mouse model of persistent inflammatory discomfort using Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). TLR-deficient animals that are exposed to Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) develop robust antibody responses against T cell-dependent antigens, which are T cell-dependent antigen-specific antibody responses[1]. In order to create an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) mouse model, male mice were subcutaneously injected with two injections, separated by seven days, of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), which had been emulsified with myosin or myosin[1]. In order to create immune-induced animal models, such as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT), experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), and EAM, Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is frequently utilized[1]. Thyroiditis can be caused by Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in combination with thyroglobulin, although IFA is not a suitable adjuvant for thyroid lesions[1]. C57BL/6J mice were given an injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the plantar region of their hind paws in order to create an inflammatory pain mouse model[2]. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injected contralaterally causes a significant decrease in the amount of c-Fos-positive neurons in the lateral VP of photoinhibition Quantity as well as optogenetic inhibition of neurons of the ventral pallidum (VP) cholinergic (ChAT) system[2]. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: A/J, BALB/c, and IL6KO BALB/c male mice[1] Doses: Route of Administration: subcutaneous (sc) Injectionon (sc); injected at days 0 and 7. EAM severity was analyzed by histology on day 21 (Repeated administration of CFA to animals can cause multiple injection-site effects, the most often observed are on site granulomas and pain) Experimental Results: Increased the relative proportion of CD11b+F4/80−monocytes and CD11b+Gr1+ granulocytes. Expanded monocytes in the heart and in the spleen and those monocytes in the spleen make less IL-10 as well as more IL-6. |
| References |
[1]. Complete Freund's adjuvant induces experimental autoimmune myocarditis by enhancing IL-6 production during initiation of the immune response. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2017 Jun;5(2):163-176. [2]. Plasticity in ventral pallidal cholinergic neuron-derived circuits contributes to comorbid chronic pain-like and depression-like behaviour in male mice. Nat Commun. 2023 Apr 17;14(1):2182. [3]. Gastrodin relieved complete Freund's adjuvant-induced spontaneous pain by inhibiting inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016 Dec;41:66-73. [4]. Use of Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) in inflammatory pain models: consequences on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the non-peptidic delta receptor agonist SNC80 in the rat. Xenobiotica. 2007 Aug;37(8):870-83. |
| Additional Infomation | An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |