Clorsulon (also known as L631529; MK401) is an antihelminthic agent that is used in the treatment of Fasciola hepatica infections in calves and sheep. Clorsulon acts as a competitive inhibitor of both 3-phosphoglycorate and ATP and had a Ki of 0.29 mM, inhibits glucose utilization and acetate and propionate formation by mature Fasciola hepatica in vitro. Clorsulon (a single dose of 15 mg/kg) is effective in removing over 90% of immature Fasciola hepatica from sheep (6 weeks after infection) and calves (8 weeks after infection). A 2.5 mg/kg dose removed over 90% of mature (16 weeks old) liver fluke from sheep.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C8H8CL3N3O4S2
Molecular Weight	380.66
Exact Mass	378.902
Elemental Analysis	C, 25.24; H, 2.12; Cl, 27.94; N, 11.04; O, 16.81; S, 16.85
CAS #	60200-06-8
Related CAS #	60200-06-8
PubChem CID	43231
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder.
Density	1.8±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	651.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	194-203°C
Flash Point	348.0±34.3 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±2.0 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.665
LogP	1.04
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	7
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	20
Complexity	604
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	O=S(C1=C(/C(Cl)=C(Cl)\Cl)C=C(N)C(S(=O)(N)=O)=C1)(N)=O
InChi Key	QOVTVIYTBRHADL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C8H8Cl3N3O4S2/c9-7(8(10)11)3-1-4(12)6(20(14,17)18)2-5(3)19(13,15)16/h1-2H,12H2,(H2,13,15,16)(H2,14,17,18)
Chemical Name	4-Amino-6-(trichloroethenyl)-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide
Synonyms	MK 401; MK-401; MK401;L-631529; L631529; L 631529; L-631,529; L631,529; L 631,529; Clorsulone; Clorsulonum; BRN 2821757; BRN2821757; BRN-2821757
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	In vitro activity: Clorsulon is a competitive inhibitor of both 3-phosphoglycorate and ATP and had a Ki of 0.29 mM, inhibits glucose utilization and acetate and propionate formation by mature Fasciola hepatica in vitro. Clorsulon is used in the treatment of Fasciola hepatica infections in calves and sheep. Target: Antiparasitic Clorsulon is a competitive inhibitor of both 3-phosphoglycorate and ATP and had a Ki of 0.29 mM, inhibits glucose utilization and acetate and propionate formation by mature Fasciola hepatica in vitro.
ln Vivo	Clorsulon (a single dose of 15 mg/kg) is effective in removing over 90% of immature Fasciola hepatica from sheep (6 weeks after infection) and calves (8 weeks after infection). A 2.5 mg/kg dose removed over 90% of mature (16 weeks old) liver fluke from sheep. Clorsulon causes severe disruption to the tegument and gut of Fasciola hepatica after in vivo incubation.
Animal Protocol	Formulated in 1:2 mixture of polyethylene glycol 400:dimethyl sulphoxide; 12.5 mg/kg; p.o. Rat
References	J Med Chem.1977 Sep;20(9):1225-7;Mol Biochem Parasitol.1982 Mar;5(3):133-45;Parasitol Res.2004 Feb;92(3):232-41.
Additional Infomation	4-amino-6-(1,2,2-trichloroethenyl)benzene-1,3-disulfonamide is a sulfonamide and a member of benzenes. See also: Clorsulon; Ivermectin (component of).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : 76~100 mg/mL ( 199.65~262.70 mM ) Ethanol : ~7 mg/mL

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 4: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM)  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.6270 mL	13.1351 mL	26.2702 mL
	5 mM	0.5254 mL	2.6270 mL	5.2540 mL
	10 mM	0.2627 mL	1.3135 mL	2.6270 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.