Cinnamyl Alcohol is an active ingredient extracted from chestnut flowers. It inhibits the increased expression of PPARγ and has anti-obesity effects.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C9H10O
Molecular Weight	134.1751
Exact Mass	134.073
CAS #	104-54-1
PubChem CID	5315892
Appearance	White to light yellow <30°C powder,>33°C liquid
Density	1.0±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	250.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	30-33 °C(lit.)
Flash Point	124.8±14.5 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.599
LogP	1.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	1
Rotatable Bond Count	2
Heavy Atom Count	10
Complexity	101
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	C1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/CO
InChi Key	OOCCDEMITAIZTP-QPJJXVBHSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C9H10O/c10-8-4-7-9-5-2-1-3-6-9/h1-7,10H,8H2/b7-4+
Chemical Name	(E)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Absorption, Distribution and Excretion Cinnamyl alcohol is 66% absorbed through the skin and shown to be rapidly absorbed from the gut. Cinnamyl alcohol is metabolized and excreted primarily in the urine and, to a minor extent, in the feces. After oral or intraperitoneal administration to rats and mice, 76–77% of the dose of cinnamyl alcohol was recovered in the urine and feces within 24 h. CINNAMYL ALC IS EXCRETED UNCHANGED IN NEUTRAL EXTRACT WHEN GIVEN TO RATS. Metabolism / Metabolites In general, esters containing an aromatic ring system are expected to be hydrolyzed in vivo. Cinnamyl alcohol is hydrolyzed to [DB14184]. ACIDIC & NEUTRAL URINARY METABOLITE OF CINNAMYL ALC WAS IDENTIFIED THROUGH A COMMON METABOLIC SCHEME. Cinnamyl alcohol is a known human metabolite of beta-methylstyrene.
References	[1]. Cinnamyl Alcohol, the Bioactive Component of Chestnut Flower Absolute, Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells by Downregulating Adipogenic Transcription Factors. Am J Chin Med. 2017;45(4):833-846.
Additional Infomation	Cinnamyl alcohol is a primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified). It has a role as a plant metabolite. Cinnamyl alcohol is a naturally occurring compound that is found within cinnamon. Due to the low levels found in cinnamon, cinnamyl alcohol is usually supplied as [DB14184] within commercial products. Cinnamyl alcohol has been shown to be a skin sensitizer, with a NOEL (No Effect Level) of ~4%. Sensitivity to cinnamyl alcohol may be identified with a clinical patch test. Cinnamyl alcohol is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of cinnamyl alcohol is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity. Cinnamyl alcohol has been reported in Rhodiola sachalinensis, Cryptocarya amygdalina, and other organisms with data available. See also: Cinnamon (part of); Chinese Cinnamon (part of); Cinnamomum cassia twig (part of). Drug Indication Cinnamyl alcohol is approved by the FDA for use within allergenic epicutaneous patch tests which are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in persons 6 years of age and older.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~1863.17 mM) H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~745.27 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 6.25 mg/mL (46.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 62.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 6.25 mg/mL (46.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 62.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 6.25 mg/mL (46.58 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 62.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	7.4527 mL	37.2634 mL	74.5268 mL
	5 mM	1.4905 mL	7.4527 mL	14.9054 mL
	10 mM	0.7453 mL	3.7263 mL	7.4527 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.