Chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a gonadotropin that is extracted from the anterior pituitary gland. Chorionic gonadotrophin may be utilized in the development of ovaries and follicles.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C11H19N3O6S
Molecular Weight	321.350061655045
Exact Mass	321.099
CAS #	9002-61-3
PubChem CID	4369448
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
LogP	-4.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	8
Rotatable Bond Count	10
Heavy Atom Count	21
Complexity	403
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	2
SMILES	C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)O
InChi Key	XFOOPZIJVVDYHI-BQBZGAKWSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C11H19N3O6S/c12-6(11(19)20)2-1-3-8(15)14-7(5-21)10(18)13-4-9(16)17/h6-7,21H,1-5,12H2,(H,13,18)(H,14,15)(H,16,17)(H,19,20)/t6-,7-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2S)-2-amino-6-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexanoic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vivo	In hens, chorionic gonadotrophin (0.5 mL/d; intramuscular injection; 6 d) results in ovarian injury and follicle degeneration[1]. In chicks, intramuscular injection of 0.25 mL/d of chorionic gonadotrophin dramatically increased ovarian weight gain[1]. Chicks given intramuscular injection of chorionic gonadotrophin (0.5 mL/d for nine days) show evidence of follicle degradation[1]. In rats undergoing hypophysectomy, chorionic gonadotrophin (0.2 mL/d; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks) showed no discernible impact on body weight, tail length, or eye refraction[2].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: White Leghorn, Barred Plymouth Rock, and Barred Plymouth Rock Hindered the normal development of the ovaries and follicles.
ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Absorption, Distribution and Excretion ...IT IS SECRETED BY FETAL PLACENTA AS EARLY AS 7 DAYS AFTER OVULATION, & IT IS ABSORBED INTO BLOOD IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITY TO SUSTAIN LUTEAL FUNCTION & FORESTALL NEXT MENSTRUAL PERIOD. ... QUANTITY EXCRETED INCR RAPIDLY THEREAFTER TO MAX ABOUT 6 WK AFTER OVULATION. URINARY CONTENT THEN DECLINES OVER NEXT MO & STABILIZES... LENGTH OF SURVIVAL OF INJECTED & PRESUMBABLY OF ENDOGENOUSLY SECRETED HORMONES IS DETERMINED LARGELY BY RATE OF DEGRADATION IN BODY, BECAUSE LITTLE IS EXCRETED IN URINE EXCEPT IN CASE OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONE SYNTHESIZED BY CHORIONIC TISSUE OF PLACENTA & FOUND IN URINE DURING PREGNANCY. FOUND ALSO IN BODY FLUIDS OF PERSONS HAVINg TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE OR EMBRYONIC TESTICULAR OR OVARIAN TUMORS. Biological Half-Life STUDIES ON RATE OF DISAPPEARANCE OF ENDOGENOUS HUMAN...CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN INDICATE REMOVAL FROM PLASMA WITH @ LEAST 2 DISTINCT HALF-TIMES. SHORTER HALF-LIVES...APPROXIMATE...11 HR...WHILE LONGER HALF-LIVES APPEAR TO BE...23 HR... REMOVAL OF SIALIC ACID FROM CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN GREATLY DECR ITS HALF-LIFE...
References	[1]. Phillips R E. Ovarian response of hens and pullets to injections of Ambinon. Poultry Science, 1943, 22(5): 368-373. [2]. Endocrine influences on the refraction of the eyes of young rats. Ophthalmologica. 1976;173(3-4):328-32.
Additional Infomation	Mechanism of Action MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN APPEARS TO BE IDENTICAL TO THAT OF LH. LH...BIND/S/ WITH APPARENT SPECIFICITY TO VARIOUS PARTICULATE FRACTIONS DERIVED FROM TESTIS & OVARY. ...KNOWN TO STIMULATE CYCLIC AMP SYNTHESIS IN APPROPRIATE GONADAL PREPN... CYCLIC AMP THEN STIMULATES SEX STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS BY MECHANISMS APPARENTLY ANALOGOUS TO THOSE OPERATIVE IN ADRENAL CORTEX. /LUTEINIZING HORMONE/ INJECTED INTO MEN...CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN STIMULATES INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF TESTIS TO SECRETE ANDROGEN. ACTIVATION OF SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM IS MINIMAL & MAY BE MEDIATED ENTIRELY BY ANDROGEN OF LEYDIG-CELL ORIGIN. Therapeutic Uses WIDEST POTENTIAL USEFULNESS OF GONADOTROPINS IS IN INDUCTION OF OVULATION IN WOMEN WHO ARE INFERTILE BECAUSE OF INSUFFICIENT GONADOTROPINS. .../WITH/ HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN...OCCURRENCE OF OVULATION IN 75% OF PT TREATED WITH DRUGS. WHILE OVULATION WAS OCCASIONALLY SEEN DURING ADMIN OF MENOTROPINS BEFORE HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN WAS GIVEN, IT USUALLY TOOK PLACE ABOUT 18 HR AFTER ADMIN OF LATTER... PREGNANCY RESULTED IN APPROX 25% OF PT...ABORTION RATE WAS 25% & FETAL ABNORMALITIES OCCURRED IN 2%. 20% OF PREGNANCIES RESULTED IN MULTIPLE BIRTHS... GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN BORN OF MOTHERS RECEIVING GONADOTROPIN TREATMENT HAVE BEEN NORMAL... ...ONE CAN TEST OVARIAN RESPONSIVENESS /TO GONADOTROPIN THERAPY/ BY MEASURING EXCRETION OF ESTROGENS IN URINE IN PRELIMINARY TRIAL & THEREBY BE GUIDED IN DOSAGE APPROPRIATE FOR THERAPEUTIC ATTEMPT. For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page. Drug Warnings IF URINARY ESTROGENS EXCEED 150 UG/24 HR, CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN SHOULD BE WITHHELD. ALTERNATIVELY, SEVERAL TRIALS MAY BE MADE WITH SMALL DOSES BEFORE LARGER RECOMMENDED AMT ARE USED. VET: MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES CAN OCCUR FOLLOWING ITS USE. IT IS ADVISABLE TO WAIT & BREED TREATED FEMALES ON SECOND POST-TREATMENT HEAT PERIOD, ESPECIALLY IN CASES OF CYSTIC OVARIES.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

H2O: 2 mg/mL (with heating and sonication)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.1119 mL	15.5594 mL	31.1187 mL
	5 mM	0.6224 mL	3.1119 mL	6.2237 mL
	10 mM	0.3112 mL	1.5559 mL	3.1119 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.