Physicochemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C14H12O4 |
| Molecular Weight | 244.24 |
| Exact Mass | 244.074 |
| CAS # | 52811-37-7 |
| PubChem CID | 3938139 |
| Appearance | Light yellow to green yellow solid powder |
| Density | 1.296g/cm3 |
| Boiling Point | 443.8ºC at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point | 171.7ºC |
| Index of Refraction | 1.623 |
| LogP | 2.337 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 4 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 3 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 18 |
| Complexity | 286 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | ERK ROS Autophagy Apoptosis |
| ln Vitro | In a dose-dependent manner, cearoin (10-80 μM) causes cell death [1]. Cearoin (10–80 μM) causes SH-SY5Y cells to become more phosphorylated ERK [1]. LC3B-I in SH-SY5Y cells is more likely to convert to LC3B-II when cearoin (5–80 μM) is added. Autophagosome production during autophagy can be accurately detected by the expression of LC3B-II [1]. |
| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Types: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells Tested Concentrations: 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 μM Incubation Duration: 6 or 12 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Dramatically diminished cell viability from 10 μM in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 40 μM for 12 h induced about 50% loss in cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells. Western Blot Analysis [1] Cell Types: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells Tested Concentrations: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 μM Incubation Duration: 12 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Increased ERK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it did not alter JNK phosphorylation. Induced the formation of LC3B-II in a dose dependent manner. |
| References |
[1]. Cearoin Induces Autophagy, ERK Activation and Apoptosis via ROS Generation in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Molecules. 2017 Feb 6;22(2):242. |
| Additional Infomation |
(2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone is a member of benzophenones. Cearoin has been reported in Dalbergia miscolobium, Dalbergia sissoo, and other organisms with data available. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | DMSO : 50 mg/mL (204.72 mM) |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.0943 mL | 20.4717 mL | 40.9433 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8189 mL | 4.0943 mL | 8.1887 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4094 mL | 2.0472 mL | 4.0943 mL |