Catestatin TFA is a cationic hydrophobic peptide containing 21 amino acid (AA) residues. Catestatin TFA is an endogenous peptide that regulates heart function and blood pressure. Catestatin TFA is a noncompetitive nicotinic antagonist that can inhibit the release of catecholamines through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C109H174F3N37O28S
Molecular Weight	2539.84
Related CAS #	Catestatin;142211-96-9
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References

[1]. Nitish R Mahapatra. Catestatin Is a Novel Endogenous Peptide That Regulates Cardiac Function and Blood Pressure. Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Dec 1;80(3):330-8. [2]. A Molecular Dynamics Study of Catestatin Docked on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors to Identify Amino Acids Potentially Involved in the Binding of Chromogranin A Fragments. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2015 Jul 14;17(26):17454-60.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O :~20 mg/mL (~7.87 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 7.14 mg/mL (2.81 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	0.3937 mL	1.9686 mL	3.9373 mL
	5 mM	0.0787 mL	0.3937 mL	0.7875 mL
	10 mM	0.0394 mL	0.1969 mL	0.3937 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.