Carubicin HCl (Karminomitsin; karminomycin; Carminomicin I; Demethyldaunomycin), the hydrochloride salt of Carubicin, is a naturally occurring anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic that was isolated from the bacterium Actinomadura carminata. It is a DNA intercalator that is also an anticancer agent. It is a DNA intercalator that is also an anticancer agent.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C26H28CLNO10
Molecular Weight	549.957
Exact Mass	549.14
Elemental Analysis	C, 56.78; H, 5.13; Cl, 6.45; N, 2.55; O, 29.09
CAS #	52794-97-5
Related CAS #	Carubicin;50935-04-1
PubChem CID	11570269
Appearance	Brown to red solid powder
Density	1.63g/cm3
Boiling Point	750.6ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point	407.7ºC
LogP	2.228
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	7
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	11
Rotatable Bond Count	3
Heavy Atom Count	38
Complexity	944
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	6
SMILES	CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)O)O)(C(=O)C)O)N)O.Cl
InChi Key	WYVYEIZFAUXWKW-SHUUXQFMSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C26H27NO10/c1-9-21(30)13(27)6-16(36-9)37-15-8-26(35,10(2)28)7-12-18(15)25(34)20-19(23(12)32)22(31)11-4-3-5-14(29)17(11)24(20)33/h3-5,9,13,15-16,21,29-30,32,34-35H,6-8,27H2,1-2H3/t9-,13-,15-,16-,21+,26-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(7S,9S)-9-acetyl-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,6,9,11-tetrahydroxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydrochloride
Synonyms	Karminomycin hydrochloride; Carubicin HCl; Carubicin hydrochloride; NSC 275649
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

References	[1]. Carminomycin I is an apoptosis inducer that targets the Golgi complex in clear cell renal carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 2011 Jan 1;71(1):134-42. [2]. Carminomycin, 14-hydroxycarminomycin and its novel carbohydrate derivatives potently kill human tumor cells and their multidrug resistant variants. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2004 Feb;57(2):143-50.
Additional Infomation	Carubicin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic carubicin. Carubicin intercalates into DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and ultimately, interfering with RNA and protein synthesis. A very toxic anthracycline-type antineoplastic related to DAUNORUBICIN, obtained from Actinomadura carminata.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: ~62.5 mg/mL (~113.7 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.78 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.78 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.8183 mL	9.0916 mL	18.1831 mL
	5 mM	0.3637 mL	1.8183 mL	3.6366 mL
	10 mM	0.1818 mL	0.9092 mL	1.8183 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.