Physicochemical Properties
| Exact Mass | 550.084 |
| CAS # | 9000-07-1 |
| PubChem CID | 71597331 |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid powder |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 10 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 5 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 36 |
| Complexity | 647 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 2 |
| SMILES | [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.N#CC1C=CC(NC(N[C@H]2C[C@H]2C2=C(F)C=CC(C(CC)=O)=C2O)=O)=NC=1 |
| InChi Key | UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C19H17FN4O3.2C2H4O2.Zn/c1-2-15(25)11-4-5-13(20)17(18(11)26)12-7-14(12)23-19(27)24-16-6-3-10(8-21)9-22-16;2*1-2(3)4;/h3-6,9,12,14,26H,2,7H2,1H3,(H2,22,23,24,27);2*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;;+2/p-2/t12-,14+;;;/m1.../s1 |
| Chemical Name | zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate |
| Synonyms | 9000-07-1; G72751 |
| HS Tariff Code | 2934.99.9001 |
| Storage |
Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition | Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs) |
Biological Activity
| Targets | Biochemical reagent |
| ln Vitro | This study investigates the extract of the bioactive compounds from green coffee extract (GCE) and the loading of two different concentrations of GCE (1% and 2%) onto carrageenan nanogels (CAR NGs) to compare their antibacterial and antibiofilm effects with unloaded nanogels (NGs). The bioactive compounds of GCE were characterized using GC-MS analysis. The GCE1 and GCE2 were successfully deposited onto the surface of CAR NGs. The antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of prepared NGs were conducted against some foodborne pathogens (E. coli O157, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes). The results of GC-MS analysis indicated that there were identified 16 bioactive compounds in GCE, including caffeine (36.27%), Dodemorph (9.04%), and D-Glycero-d-ido-heptose (2.44%), contributing to its antimicrobial properties. The antibacterial coatings demonstrated a notable antimicrobial effect, showing zone of inhibition (ZOI) diameters of up to 37 mm for GCE2 loaded CAR NGs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for GCE2 loaded CAR NGs were 80 ppm for E. coli O157, and 120 ppm for S. enterica, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes, achieving complete bacterial inactivation within 10-15 min of exposure. Both GCE1 and GCE2 loaded CAR NGs significantly reduced biofilm cell densities on stainless steel (SS) materials for E. coli O157, S. enterica, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes, with reductions ranging from 60% to 95%. Specifically, biofilm densities were reduced by up to 95% for E. coli O157, 89% for S. enterica, 85% for S. aureus, and 80% for L. monocytogenes. Results of the toxicity evaluation indicated that the NGs were non-toxic and biocompatible, with predicted EC50 values proved their biocompatibility and safety. These results recommended that GCE loaded CAR NGs are promising as natural antimicrobial agents for enhancing food safety and extending shelf life. Further, the study concluded that incorporating GCE into CAR NGs is an effective strategy for developing sustainable antimicrobial coatings for the food industry and manufacturing[1]. |
| ln Vivo | Carrageenan can be used in tuberculosis, coughs, bronchitis, and intestinal problems, usually in the form of a decoction of the seaweed. Carrageenan, both in the degraded (molecular weight greater than or equal to 20,000) and undegraded forms, has been reported to alleviate peptic and duodenal ulcers in humans. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion IN GUINEA-PIGS, NATIVE FORM OF CARRAGEENAN WAS NOT ABSORBED; DEGRADED CARRAGEENAN COULD NOT BE DETECTED IN URINE OF ANIMALS @ LEVELS OF ABOUT 0.3 MG/ML AFTER 1.85 G HAD BEEN ADMIN IN DRINKING-WATER OR @ LEVELS OF BETWEEN 0.03-0.3 MG/ML WHEN 4-15 MG/KG BODY WT OF DEGRADED CARRAGEENAN HAD BEEN ADMIN IV. NATIVE CARRAGEENAN FED TO YOUNG RATS @ LEVELS OF 2-20% IN DIET WAS FOUND TO BE EXCRETED QUANTITATIVELY IN FECES. NO STORAGE OF CARRAGEENAN WAS FOUND IN RHESUS MONKEYS GIVEN 1% NATIVE CARRAGEENAN IN DRINKING-WATER OVER 7-11 WEEKS, FOLLOWED BY 24-WK RECOVERY PERIOD. IN CONTRAST, DEGRADED CARRAGEENAN, WHICH WAS RETAINED AFTER ABSORPTION IN RETICULOENDOTHELIAL TISSUE, COULD STILL BE FOUND IN KUPFFER CELLS 6 MONTHS AFTER ADMIN. Metabolism / Metabolites Carrageen has inhibitory effects on pepsin activity in vitro. Its degraded form (no viscosity) and forms with low and high viscosities all exhibit antiproteolytic activities in vitro against papain. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Interactions
Daily subconjuctival injections or application of oily drops of thiotepa is reported to delay vascularization of /guinea pig corneas treated with carrageenin/ ... but not to prevent it. IN RATS PRETREATED WITH INDOMETHACIN, INJECTION OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 WITH CARRAGEENAN POTENTIATED CARRAGEENAN PAW EDEMA. THIS EFFECT OF PGE1 WAS MAXIMAL WHEN IT WAS INJECTED WITH CARRAGEENAN. PMID:7384537 CARRAGEENAN INHIBITED IN VITRO RISTOCETIN-INDUCED HUMAN BLOOD PLATELET AGGREGATION. Non-Human Toxicity Values: LDL0 Guinea pig iv 20 mg/kg Interactions Daily subconjuctival injections or application of oily drops of thiotepa is reported to delay vascularization of /guinea pig corneas treated with carrageenin/ ... but not to prevent it. IN RATS PRETREATED WITH INDOMETHACIN, INJECTION OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 WITH CARRAGEENAN POTENTIATED CARRAGEENAN PAW EDEMA. THIS EFFECT OF PGE1 WAS MAXIMAL WHEN IT WAS INJECTED WITH CARRAGEENAN. CARRAGEENAN INHIBITED IN VITRO RISTOCETIN-INDUCED HUMAN BLOOD PLATELET AGGREGATION. 256 WISTAR RATS RECEIVED A SINGLE INJECTION INTO THE RIGHT PLEURAL CAVITY OF UICC CROCIDOLITE TO INDUCE MESOTHELIOMAS. THEY WERE THEN GIVEN RIGHT INTRAPLEURAL INJECTIONS OF CARRAGEENAN. THERE WAS A 3-FOLD INCREASE IN MESOTHELIOMA INCIDENCE IN THE GROUP INJECTED WITH CARRAGEENAN. Non-Human Toxicity Values LDL0 Guinea pig iv 20 mg/kg |
| References | [1]. Fabrication of smart nanogel based on carrageenan and green coffee extract as a long-term antifouling agent to improve biofilm prevention in food production. Food Chem . 2024 Dec 15:461:140719. |
| Additional Infomation |
A water-soluble extractive mixture of sulfated polysaccharides from RED ALGAE. Chief sources are the Irish moss CHONDRUS CRISPUS (Carrageen), and Gigartina stellata. It is used as a stabilizer, for suspending COCOA in chocolate manufacture, and to clarify BEVERAGES. Therapeutic Uses Traditional Medicine: ... Used in tuberculosis, coughs, bronchitis, and intestinal problems, usually in the form of a decoction of the seaweed. Carrageenan, both in the degraded (molecular weight greater than or equal to 20,000) and undegraded forms, has been reported to alleviate peptic and duodenal ulcers in humans. |
Solubility Data
| Solubility (In Vitro) | H2O: 3.33 mg/mL |
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |