CI-988 hemihydrate (PD134308) is a potent, selective and orally active CCK2R (cholecystokinin 2 receptor) antagonist with IC50 of 1.7 nM for mouse cortical CCK2. CI-988 hemihydrate is 1600-fold selective for CCK2 over CCK1 receptor. CI-988 hemihydrate has anxiolytic and antitumor effects.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C35H42N4O6.1/2H2O
Molecular Weight	623.74
Appearance	Solid powder
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	CI-988 inhibits specific 125I-BH-CCK-8 binding to NCI-H727 cells with high affinity (Ki of 4.5 nM). The increase in ROS caused by CCK-8 addition to NCI-727 cells is blocked significantly by CI-988. CI-988 (3 µM) inhibits the basal growth of NCI-H727 cells or that stimulated by CCK-8. CI-988 inhibits the ability of CCK-8 to cause ERK phosphorylation and elevate cytosolic Ca2+[1]. CI-988 inhibits in a dose-dependent manner the ability of CCK-8 to cause EGFR transactivation in NCI-H727 cells. CI-988 at doses of 1 and 10 µM weakly and strongly, respectively, inhibits the ability of 0.1µM CCK-8 to increase EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. CI-988 antagonizes the ability of CCK-8 to cause lung cancer EGFR or ERK tyrosine phosphorylation[1].
ln Vivo	CI-988 (10 mg/kg; po; daily; for 20 days) inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer in xenografts model mice[3].
Animal Protocol	Animal/Disease Models: Nude mice injected with LoVo cells[3] Doses: 10 mg/kg Route of Administration: p.o.; daily; for 20 days Experimental Results: Inhibited the growth of xenografts by 53%.
References	[1].CI-988 Inhibits EGFR Transactivation and Proliferation Caused by Addition of CCK/Gastrin to Lung Cancer Cells. J Mol Neurosci. 2015 Jul;56(3):663-72. [2].Development of a class of selective cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonists having potent anxiolytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(17):6728-32. [3].Gastrin receptor antagonist CI-988 inhibits growth of human colon cancer in vivo and in vitro. Aust N Z J Surg. 1996 Apr;66(4):235-7.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO :≥ 62.374 mg/mL (~100.00 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.6032 mL	8.0162 mL	16.0323 mL
	5 mM	0.3206 mL	1.6032 mL	3.2065 mL
	10 mM	0.1603 mL	0.8016 mL	1.6032 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.