Bombykol is the first insect sex pheromone, a sex attractant generated by the female silkworm moth Bombyx mori.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C16H30O
Molecular Weight	238.41
Exact Mass	238.23
CAS #	765-17-3
PubChem CID	445128
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow liquid
Density	0.86 g/cm3
Source	silkworm moth (Bombyx mori)
LogP	5.012
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	1
Rotatable Bond Count	12
Heavy Atom Count	17
Complexity	182
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
SMILES	CCC/C=C\C=C\CCCCCCCCCO
InChi Key	CIVIWCVVOFNUST-SCFJQAPRSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C16H30O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17/h4-7,17H,2-3,8-16H2,1H3/b5-4-,7-6+
Chemical Name	(10E,12Z)-hexadeca-10,12-dien-1-ol
Synonyms	Bombykol; 765-17-3; (10E,12Z)-hexadeca-10,12-dien-1-ol; Isobombycol; 10E,12Z-hexadecadien-1-ol; hexadeca-10E,12Z-dien-1-ol; LZT8R8TVZ7; 10,12-Hexadecadien-1-ol,(10E,12Z)-;
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	Natural product; insect sex pheromone
ln Vitro	This study aimed to explore the interaction between bombykol and BmOR1 and also provide a paradigm for agroforestry pest control. The electrochemical biosensor signal amplification system was used: nanogold with horseradish peroxidase. An electrochemical bilayer nanogold membrane receptor sensor was developed using the following schemes and processes: twice self-assembly of nanogold and succeeding absorption of Bombyx mori olfactory receptor 1 (BmOR1); sex pheromone-binding protein; spectral scanning and transmission electron microscope to characterize nanogold sol; and atomic force microscope, cyclic voltammetry, and AC impedance methods to characterize individual processes of sensor assembly. The amperometric I-T curve was adopted to measure the response current upon interaction with different concentrations of bombykol (diluted in phosphate-buffered saline) and BmOR1. The results demonstrated the receptor-ligand interaction pattern, which was similar to enzymatic reaction kinetics, with the activation constant Ka of up to 8.57 × 10-20 mol/L and signal magnification of about 10,000-fold. In this study, the simulation of intracellular receptor signaling cascade by an electrochemical signal amplification system helped in directly measuring BmOR1-bombykol ligand interaction and exploring the kinetics after the self-assembly of BmOR1 on the biosensor. It provided a novel platform for future studies on receptor-ligand interaction [1].
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics	mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 6500 mg/kg Chemotherapy, 13(161), 1968 [PMID:5660663]
References	[1]. Flight Time of Bombyx mandarina Males to a Pheromone Trap Baited with Bombykol. J-STAGE home/Applied Entomology and Zoology/Volume 19 (1984) Issue 3. [2]. Evaluation of Bombykol as the Sex Pheromone of Bombyx mandarina(Lepidoptera : Bombycidae). J-STAGE home/Applied Entomology and Zoology/Volume 19 (1984) Issue 2. [3]. A bombykol electrochemical receptor sensor and its kinetics. Bioelectrochemistry. 2019 Aug:128:263-273.
Additional Infomation	Bombykol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol. It has a role as a pheromone. Bombykol has been reported in Bombyx mori and Hemileuca electra with data available.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 100 mg/mL (419.45 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (10.49 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (10.49 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.49 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.1945 mL	20.9723 mL	41.9445 mL
	5 mM	0.8389 mL	4.1945 mL	8.3889 mL
	10 mM	0.4194 mL	2.0972 mL	4.1945 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.