Bezisterim (HE 3286; NE-3107) is a synthetic analogue of the natural anti~inflammatory steroid beta-AET. Bezisterim is an orally bioactive partial inhibitor of NF-κB. Bezisterim reduces pro-inflammatory signaling like IL-6 and matrix metallopeptidase 3. Bezisterim freely crosses the mouse BBB (blood-brain barrier). Bezisterim may be utilized in study/research of ulcerative colitis, arthritis, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Bezisterim is a reagent for click chemistry. It has Alkyne groups and could undergo CuAAc (copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction) with compounds bearing Azide groups.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C21H30O3
Molecular Weight	330.4611
Exact Mass	330.219
CAS #	1001100-69-1
PubChem CID	16739648
Appearance	Off-white to light yellow solid powder
LogP	2.645
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	24
Complexity	630
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	8
SMILES	C[C@]12CC[C@@H](CC1=C[C@@H]([C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC[C@]4(C#C)O)C)O)O
InChi Key	JJKOQZHWYLMASZ-FJWDNACWSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C21H30O3/c1-4-21(24)10-7-16-18-15(6-9-20(16,21)3)19(2)8-5-14(22)11-13(19)12-17(18)23/h1,12,14-18,22-24H,5-11H2,2-3H3/t14-,15-,16-,17-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(3S,7R,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-ethynyl-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,7,17-triol
Synonyms	HE 3286; HE3286; HE-3286
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	Bezisterim inhibits the phosphorylation of NF-κB in mouse macrophages stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL; 0–2 hours), but it has no effect on the phosphorylation of IκB[3]. The activation of IKK, JNK, p38, and ERK in LPS-induced (100 ng/mL; 0–2 hours) murine macrophages is largely blocked by bezisterim (100 nM, overnight)[3].
ln Vivo	In DBA/1 Lac male collagen-induced arthritis mice, bezisterim (25–50 mg/kg; oral gavage; daily for 22–49 days) decreases joint inflammation, synovial proliferation, and erosion [1]. In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, bezisterim (40 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; daily for 40 days) decreases inflammation, minimizes demyelination and axonal loss, and increases RGC survival during experimental optic neuritis[2]. In male CD-1 mice, bezisterim (80 mg/kg; 0–24 h) readily crosses the blood-brain barrier[4]. In Parkinson's disease mice, bezisterim (40 mg/kg; gavage; twice-daily for 4 days) reduces the number of damaged neurons and increases the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells[4].
Cell Assay	Western Blot Analysis[3] Cell Types: LPS-induced murine macrophages Tested Concentrations: 100 nM Incubation Duration: overnight Experimental Results: Attenuated NF -κB phosphorylation. Blocked the activation of IKK, JNK, p38, and ERK partially.
ADME/Pharmacokinetics	Absorption, Distribution and Excretion Up to 25% oral bioavailability in mice.
References	[1]. A new orally bioavailable synthetic androstene inhibits collagen-induced arthritis in the mouse: androstene hormones as regulators of regulatory T cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1110:630-640. [2]. HE3286 reduces axonal loss and preserves retinal ganglion cell function in experimental optic neuritis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(9):5744-5751. Published 2014 Aug 19. [3]. A new antidiabetic compound attenuates inflammation and insulin resistance in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010;298(5):E1036-E1048. [4]. 17α-Ethynyl-androst-5-ene-3β,7β,17β-triol (HE3286) Is Neuroprotective and Reduces Motor Impairment and Neuroinflammation in a Murine MPTP Model of Parkinson's Disease. Parkinsons Dis. 2012;2012:969418.
Additional Infomation	Drug Indication For the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes. Mechanism of Action Potential mechanisms of action for HE3286 include regulation of NF-kB and increasing the production of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). NF-kB is a well-known transcription factor that controls the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a and interferon-g. Treg cells are referred to in the scientific literature as the peacekeepers of the body. Their role is to keep the immune system from attacking the body itself. Recent studies of Treg cells indicate that they may play a broader role than simply preventing autoimmune conditions. Manipulation of these cells may offer new treatments for conditions ranging from diabetes and organ rejection to cancer and infectious diseases. In type II diabetes, moderate inhibition of NF-kB improves glucose tolerance. [Press Release - Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals]

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~302.61 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations (e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] *Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil) Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Oral Formulations Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	3.0261 mL	15.1304 mL	30.2608 mL
	5 mM	0.6052 mL	3.0261 mL	6.0522 mL
	10 mM	0.3026 mL	1.5130 mL	3.0261 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.