Benfluorex (Mediator) is an anorectic and hypolipidemic agent that is structurally related to fenfluramine. It may improve glycemic control and decrease insulin resistance in people with poorly controlled type-2 diabetes.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C19H21CLF3NO2
Molecular Weight	387.82374
Exact Mass	387.121
CAS #	23642-66-2
Related CAS #	Benfluorex;23602-78-0
PubChem CID	198015
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.183g/cm3
Boiling Point	420.5ºC at 760mmHg
Melting Point	158-159?C
Flash Point	208.1ºC
Vapour Pressure	2.81E-07mmHg at 25°C
LogP	5.275
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Rotatable Bond Count	8
Heavy Atom Count	26
Complexity	408
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	NLOALSPYZIIXEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C19H20F3NO2.ClH/c1-14(12-15-6-5-9-17(13-15)19(20,21)22)23-10-11-25-18(24)16-7-3-2-4-8-16/h2-9,13-14,23H,10-12H2,1H31H
Chemical Name	2-((1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)amino)ethyl benzoate hydrochloride
Synonyms	Benfluorex hydrochloride Lipophoral Mediator JP 992 EINECS 245-801-8 Mediaxal Balans EINECS 245-020-2
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro

Benfluex hydrochloride increases the amount of GFP-positive cells, a sustainable way to stimulate insulin promoter activity. In a dose-dependent manner, benfluex hydrochloride raises endogenous insulin mRNA levels and the quantity of GFP-positive cells. Benfluex hydrochloride increases the expression of HNF4α, which is consistent with its role as an activator of HNF4α. HNF4α protease's sensitivity is altered by benfluex hydrochloride, but not by an inert control drug [1]. In oleic acid, benfluex hydrochloride decreases the synthesis of ketone bodies and acid lysates in a concentration-dependent manner, but it dramatically increases the amount of 14CO2 that enters the citric acid cycle. In a dose-dependent way, benfluex hydrochloride reduces the rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate/pyruvate (10/1 nM) [2].

References

[1]. Identification of alverine and benfluorex as HNF4α activators. ACS Chem Biol. 2013 Aug 16;8(8):1730-6. [2]. Effects of benfluorex on fatty acid and glucose metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes: from metabolic fluxes to gene expression. Diabetes. 2002 Aug;51(8):2363-8.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~257.85 mM) H2O : ~2.27 mg/mL (~5.85 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.45 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.45 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.45 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 4: 5.88 mg/mL (15.16 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication (<60°C).  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.5785 mL	12.8926 mL	25.7852 mL
	5 mM	0.5157 mL	2.5785 mL	5.1570 mL
	10 mM	0.2579 mL	1.2893 mL	2.5785 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.