Alverine citrate is an antagonist of the 5-HT1A receptor with IC50 of 101 nM.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C26H35NO7
Molecular Weight	473.56
Exact Mass	473.241
CAS #	5560-59-8
Related CAS #	150-59-4 (Parent)
PubChem CID	21718
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Boiling Point	358.8ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point	174.4ºC
LogP	3.325
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	8
Rotatable Bond Count	14
Heavy Atom Count	34
Complexity	442
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
InChi Key	RYHCACJBKCOBTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C20H27N.C6H8O7/c1-2-21(17-9-15-19-11-5-3-6-12-19)18-10-16-20-13-7-4-8-14-20;7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h3-8,11-14H,2,9-10,15-18H2,1H3;13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)
Chemical Name	N-ethyl-3-phenyl-N-(3-phenylpropyl)propan-1-amine;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

Targets	5-HT1A Receptor 101 nM (IC50)
ln Vitro	One medication for functional gastrointestinal problems is alverine. Alverine relaxes the gut muscle immediately by acting on it. The action of 5-HTP is suppressed by alverine citrate (20 mg/kg), but not that of 8-OH-DPAT. Nevertheless, alverine citrate injection intracerebroventricularly (75 μg/rat) lessens the increase of abdominal contractions generated by rectal distension due to 8-OH-DPAT. Alverine citrate has a poor affinity for 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 subtypes and a high affinity for 5-HT1A receptors, according to in-vitro binding studies[1]. Due to its ability to prevent the inactivation of L-type Ca channels, alverine has the potential to increase Ca inflow during action potentials. However, it also has the potential to reduce evoked activity by reducing the sensitivity of contractile proteins to Ca2+ [2].
References	[1]. Rectal antinociceptive properties of alverine citrate are linked to antagonism at the 5-HT1A receptor subtype. J Pharm Pharmacol, 2001. 53(10): p. 1419-26. [2]. Evolving mechanisms of action of alverine citrate on phasic smooth muscles. Br J Pharmacol, 2007. 152(8): p. 1228-38.
Additional Infomation	Alverine citrate is the citrate salt of alverine, resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of alvarine and citric acid. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. It has a role as a cholinergic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug. It is a citrate salt and an organoammonium salt. It contains an alverine(1+).

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 100 mg/mL (211.17 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.28 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.28 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.28 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.1117 mL	10.5583 mL	21.1166 mL
	5 mM	0.4223 mL	2.1117 mL	4.2233 mL
	10 mM	0.2112 mL	1.0558 mL	2.1117 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.