L-Alanyl-L-glutamine is a glutamine dipeptide that has beneficial effects on the antioxidant system, reduces inflammation, and may modulate heat shock protein (HSP) responses in catabolic situations.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C8H15N3O4
Molecular Weight	217.22
Exact Mass	146.069
CAS #	39537-23-0
PubChem CID	123935
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.5±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	615℃
Melting Point	215 °C
Flash Point	>110°
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.564
LogP	-1.28
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	5
Rotatable Bond Count	6
Heavy Atom Count	15
Complexity	267
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	2
SMILES	O([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(N([H])[H])=O)N([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])N([H])[H])=O)=O
InChi Key	HJCMDXDYPOUFDY-WHFBIAKZSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C8H15N3O4/c1-4(9)7(13)11-5(8(14)15)2-3-6(10)12/h4-5H,2-3,9H2,1H3,(H2,10,12)(H,11,13)(H,14,15)/t4-,5-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
Synonyms	Dipeptide Alanyl-Glutamine Alanylglutamine Ala-gln Dipeptiven Glutamax IDipeptamin GlutaMAX
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	IR-β and COX IV levels, which are lowered when β-cells are exposed to macrophages after stimulation in vitro (IMMs), are partially or completely attenuated when L-Alanyl-L-glutamine (2 mM; 24 hours) is administered[1]. The maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism and stimulus-secretion coupling, which is crucial for insulin release, is facilitated by coordinated effects on the glutamine-GSH axis, the HSP pathway, and β-cell protection mediated by L-alanyl-L-glutamine [1].
References	[1]. Cruzat VF,et al. Alanyl-glutamine improves pancreatic β-cell function following ex vivo inflammatory challenge. J Endocrinol. 2015 Mar;224(3):261-71.
Additional Infomation	Ala-Gln is a dipeptide formed from L-alanyl and L-glutamine residues. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a tautomer of an Ala-Gln zwitterion. Alanyl Glutamine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00338221 (Clinical Trial of Alanyl-Glutamine or Glycine in Children With Persistent Diarrhea or Malnutrition). l-Alanyl-l-glutamine has been reported in Arabidopsis thaliana with data available. Alanylglutamine is a nutritional supplement containing a stable, water-soluble dipeptide comprised of the amino acids L-glutamine and L-alanine, with potential protective and absorption enhancing activities. Upon oral or enteral administration, alanylglutamine works locally in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to both protect the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and maintain intestinal barrier functions. This reduces bacterial translocation, the risk of infection, infection-induced inflammatory damage and infection-associated symptoms, such as diarrhea, dehydration, malabsorption and electrolyte imbalances. Alanylglutamine also increases absorption of other chemicals, enhances epithelial repair, and inhibits apoptosis due to cellular damage, and stimulates cellular proliferation. Altogether, this improves absorption of nutrients, decreases weight loss, reduces diarrhea, decreases the risk of GI-associated infections and improves recovery. Upon absorption, alanylglutamine may also help inhibit muscle protein catabolism.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~230.18 mM) DMSO :< 1 mg/mL
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (460.36 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	4.6036 mL	23.0181 mL	46.0363 mL
	5 mM	0.9207 mL	4.6036 mL	9.2073 mL
	10 mM	0.4604 mL	2.3018 mL	4.6036 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.