L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid (AA) that participates in sugar and acid metabolism, enhances immunity, and provides energy to muscle tissue, the brain, and the central nervous system.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C3H7NO2
Molecular Weight	89.09
Exact Mass	89.047
CAS #	56-41-7
Related CAS #	25191-17-7
PubChem CID	5950
Appearance	White to off-white solid powder
Density	1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	212.9±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	314.5 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Flash Point	82.6±22.6 °C
Vapour Pressure	0.1±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.460
LogP	-0.68
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	1
Heavy Atom Count	6
Complexity	61.8
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	1
SMILES	C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N
InChi Key	QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C3H7NO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1
Chemical Name	(2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid
Synonyms	Alanine AlaninumL-(+)-Alanine Alanina NSC-206315 NSC206315NSC 206315
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder-20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Biological Activity

ln Vitro	At 1.2 M of L-Alanine, the viability of 201B7 cells and ehiPSCs decreases to 7.5±1.3% and 3.7±0.7%, respectively, as the concentration of L-Alanine increases. The viability of hFBs and hSkMCs, however, does not appear to have decreased. Although iCMs' vitality marginally declines as L-Alanine concentration rises, it is still considerably greater (p<0.01) than that of undifferentiated iPSCs, 201B7 cells, and ehiPSCs at 1.2 M concentration of L-Alanine (49.4±6.9%). Even after two or four hours of treatment, the vitality of 201B7 cells, hiPSCs, and ehiPSCs sharply declines. However, the viability of hFBs exhibits a slight decline at 24 hours of treatment, failing to decrease at 1, 2, and 4 hours. Following a 2-hour treatment with 1.2 M L-Alanine, the vitality of 201B7 cells in suspension culture drops to 11.8±6.0%, while that of hFBs is 72.9±14.2%[1].
References	[1]. Selective Elimination of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Medium with High Concentration of L-Alanine. Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 20;8(1):12427.
Additional Infomation	L-alanine is the L-enantiomer of alanine. It has a role as an EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor and a fundamental metabolite. It is a pyruvate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a L-alpha-amino acid and an alanine. It is a conjugate base of a L-alaninium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-alaninate. It is an enantiomer of a D-alanine. It is a tautomer of a L-alanine zwitterion. Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. L-Alanine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Alanine is an Amino Acid. Alanine has been reported in Euphorbia prostrata, Angelica gigas, and other organisms with data available. Alanine is a small non-essential amino acid in humans, Alanine is one of the most widely used for protein construction and is involved in the metabolism of tryptophan and vitamin pyridoxine. Alanine is an important source of energy for muscles and central nervous system, strengthens the immune system, helps in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids, and displays a cholesterol-reducing effect in animals. (NCI04) Alanine is a nonessential amino acid made in the body from the conversion of the carbohydrate pyruvate or the breakdown of DNA and the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and is one of the most important amino acids released by muscle, functioning as a major energy source. Plasma alanine is often decreased when the BCAA (Branched Chain Amino Acids) are deficient. This finding may relate to muscle metabolism. Alanine is highly concentrated in meat products and other high-protein foods like wheat germ and cottage cheese. Alanine is an important participant as well as regulator in glucose metabolism. Alanine levels parallel blood sugar levels in both diabetes and hypoglycemia, and alanine reduces both severe hypoglycemia and the ketosis of diabetes. It is an important amino acid for lymphocyte reproduction and immunity. Alanine therapy has helped dissolve kidney stones in experimental animals. Normal alanine metabolism, like that of other amino acids, is highly dependent upon enzymes that contain vitamin B6. Alanine, like GABA, taurine and glycine, is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. See also: Glatiramer Acetate (monomer of); Glatiramer (monomer of); Amlisimod (monomer of) ... View More ... Drug Indication Used for protein synthesis. Mechanism of Action L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. BCAAs are used as a source of energy for muscle cells. During prolonged exercise, BCAAs are released from skeletal muscles and their carbon backbones are used as fuel, while their nitrogen portion is used to form another amino acid, Alanine. Alanine is then converted to Glucose by the liver. This form of energy production is called the Alanine-Glucose cycle, and it plays a major role in maintaining the body's blood sugar balance.

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	H2O : ~150 mg/mL (~1683.69 mM) DMSO :< 1 mg/mL
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (561.23 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	11.2246 mL	56.1230 mL	112.2460 mL
	5 mM	2.2449 mL	11.2246 mL	22.4492 mL
	10 mM	1.1225 mL	5.6123 mL	11.2246 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.